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首页程序员必修：免费加密基础课程Crypto101简介

程序员必修：免费加密基础课程Crypto101简介

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"Crypto101.pdf"是一份面向编程者，特别是初学者的入门级加密学教程。该课程由Laurens Van Houtven在2013年至2017年间创作，并遵循Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) 许可协议。这个许可允许用户在以下条件下自由分享和使用： 1. 分享：可以在任何媒体或格式下复制和分发材料，无需事先申请许可。 2. 适应与创新：你可以根据需要对材料进行改编、混合和扩展，但必须保留原作者的署名和链接，并明确指出是否进行了修改。对于适应性使用，只要不暗示许可方支持或认可你的具体应用即可。 3. 非商业用途：重要的一点是，这份材料不能用于商业目的，这意味着它主要用于教育和研究，而不是用于盈利活动。 4. 无附加限制：除了上述规定的条件外，你不应施加任何法律条款或技术措施来限制其他人按照许可条款合法进行的行为。值得注意的是，这些权利仅适用于版权受保护的部分，公共领域的内容以及许可允许的使用情况。如果你发现材料中的某些部分已经进入公共领域，或者你的使用得到了额外许可，那么这些限制可能不再适用。 Crypto101.pdf教程为学习者提供了一个基础平台，帮助他们理解加密和解密的基本概念，包括但不限于密码学原理、加密算法（如对称加密、非对称加密、哈希函数等）、数字签名和安全通信协议。通过这门课程，学员可以掌握核心加密技术，为日常编程和信息安全实践打下坚实的基础。同时，理解并尊重版权规则，确保在分享和利用这些教育资源时符合法律要求。

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CHAPTER 4. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 16

Following the public release,many more people contributed changes.

I’d like to thank the following people in particular (again, in no partic-

ular order):

• coh2, for work on illustrations

• TinnedTuna, for review work on the XOR section (and others)

• dfc, for work on typography and alternative formats

• jvasile, for work on typefaces and automated builds

• hmmueller, for many, many notes and suggestions

• postboy (Ivan Zubo ), for many reported issues

• EdOverow, for many contributions

.. as well as the huge number of people that contributed spelling,

grammar and content improvements. ank you!

Part II

Building blocks

Exclusive or

5.1 Description

Exclusive or, often called ”XOR”, is a Boolean

binary

operator that is

true when either the rst input or the second input, but not both, are

true.

Another way to think of XOR is as something called a”programmable

inverter”: one input bit decides whether to invert the other input bit, or

to just pass it through unchanged. ”Inverting” bits is colloquially called

”ipping” bits, a term we’ll use often throughout the book.

In mathematics and cryptography papers, exclusive or is generally

represented by a cross in a circle:

⊕

. We’ll use the same notation in

this book:

Uses only ”true” and ”false” as input and output values.

Takes two parameters.

CHAPTER 5. EXCLUSIVE OR 19

e inputs and output here are named as if we’re using XOR as an

encryption operation. On the left, we have the plaintext bit

. e

is just an index, since we’ll usually deal with more than one such bit.

On top, we have the key bit

, that decides whether or not to invert

. On the right, we have the ciphertext bit,

, which is the result of

the XOR operation.

5.2 A few properties of XOR

Since we’ll be dealing with XOR extensively during this book, we’ll

take a closer look at some of its properties. If you’re already familiar

with how XOR works, feel free to skip this section.

We saw that the output of XOR is 1 when one input or the other

(but not both) is 1:

0 ⊕ 0 = 0 1 ⊕ 0 = 1

0 ⊕ 1 = 1 1 ⊕ 1 = 0

ere are a few useful arithmetic tricks we can derive from that.

CHAPTER 5. EXCLUSIVE OR 20

1. You can apply XOR in any order: a ⊕ (b ⊕ c) = (a ⊕ b) ⊕ c

2. You can ip the operands around: a ⊕ b = b ⊕ a

Any bit XOR itself is 0:

a ⊕a = 0

. If

is 0, then it’s

0 ⊕0 = 0

;

if a is 1, then it’s 1 ⊕ 1 = 0.

Any bit XOR 0 is that bit again:

a ⊕ 0 = a

. If

is 0, then it’s

0 ⊕ 0 = 0; if a is 1, then it’s 1 ⊕ 0 = 1.

ese rules also imply a ⊕ b ⊕ a = b:

a ⊕ b ⊕ a = a ⊕ a ⊕ b (second rule)

= 0 ⊕ b (third rule)

= b (fourth rule)

We’ll use this property often when using XOR for encryption; you

can think of that rst XOR with

as encrypting, and the second one

as decrypting.

5.3 Bitwise XOR

XOR, as we’ve just dened it, operates only on single bits or Boolean

values. Since we usually deal with values comprised of many bits, most

programming languages provide a ”bitwise XOR”operator: an operator

that performs XOR on the respective bits in a value.

Python, for example, provides the

(caret) operator that performs

bitwise XOR on integers. It does this by rst expressing those two

剩余253页未读，继续阅读

SQL> UPDATE PRODUCT 2 SET Price = DBMS_CRYPTO.ENCRYPT( 3 src => TO_CHAR(Price), 4 typ => DBMS_CRYPTO.TYPE_AES256, 5 key => utl_raw.cast_to_raw('group25') 6 ); typ => DBMS_CRYPTO.TYPE_AES256, * ERROR at line 4: ORA-00904: "DBMS_CRYPTO"."TYPE_AES256": invalid identifier怎么解决

你可以尝试使用更低级别的加密算法，比如 `DBMS_CRYPTO.TYPE_AES192` 或 `DBMS_CRYPTO.TYPE_AES128`，或者升级你的 Oracle 数据库版本到支持 `DBMS_CRYPTO.TYPE_AES256` 的版本。以下是使用 `DBMS_CRYPTO.TYPE_AES...

import javax.crypto.interfaces.DHPublicKey import javax.crypto.spec.DHParameterSpec

导入`javax.crypto.interfaces.DHPublicKey`和`javax.crypto.spec.DHParameterSpec`是为了在使用Diffie-Hellman算法时使用特定的接口和参数。 `DHPublicKey`接口是用于表示Diffie-Hellman算法的公钥的接口。通过...

raise NotImplementedError("Use module Crypto.Cipher.PKCS1_OAEP instead") NotImplementedError: Use module Crypto.Cipher.PKCS1_OAEP instead

这个错误提示告诉我们，在使用RSA加密时，应该使用Crypto.Cipher.PKCS1_OAEP模块，而不是使用旧的Crypto.Cipher.PKCS1_v1_5模块。这是因为PKCS#1 v1.5在安全性方面存在一些问题，已经被PKCS#1 OAEP所取代。因此，...

java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.bouncycastle.crypto.digests.SM3Digest

java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.bouncycastle.crypto.digests.SM3Digest 是一个Java异常，表示在运行时无法找到指定的类 org.bouncycastle.crypto.digests.SM3Digest。这通常是由于以下原因之一引起的： 1....

encrypted = crypto.AES.encrypt(srcs, key, { iv: key, mode: crypto.mode.CFB, padding: crypto.pad.NoPadding })转换为Python代码

from Crypto.Cipher import AES from Crypto.Util.Padding import pad def aes_encrypt(srcs, key): iv = key cipher = AES.new(key, AES.MODE_CFB, iv=iv) plaintext = pad(srcs.encode('utf-8'), AES.block_...

SQL> SQL> UPDATE TRANSACTION_DETAILS 2 SET Price = utl_raw.cast_to_varchar2(dbms_crypto.encrypt( 3 utl_i18n.string_to_raw(TO_CHAR(Price, 'FM99999990.99')||' ', 'AL32UTF8'), 4 dbms_crypto.ENCRYPT_AES256 + dbms_crypto.CHAIN_CBC + dbms_crypto.PAD_PKCS5, 5 utl_i18n.string_to_raw('251251', 'AL32UTF8') 6 )); dbms_crypto.ENCRYPT_AES256 + dbms_crypto.CHAIN_CBC + dbms_crypto.PAD_PKCS5, * ERROR at line 4: ORA-06553: PLS-221: 'ENCRYPT_AES256' is not a procedure or is undefined 怎么解决

这个错误提示是因为在第4行中，`dbms_crypto.ENCRYPT_AES256 + dbms_crypto.CHAIN_CBC + dbms_crypto.PAD_PKCS5`这部分代码被认为是一个过程（procedure），而实际上它是一个常量。要解决这个问题，可以把加密算法...

from Crypto.Util.number import * ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'Crypto'出现这个问题的情况有哪些

2. 安装了Crypto模块，但是导入时写错了模块名，正确应该是from Crypto.Util.number import *，而不是from crypto.util.number import *； 3. 在某些情况下，可能需要在代码中加上from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA...

warning: GMP or MPIR library not found; Not building Crypto.PublicKey._fastmath. building 'Crypto.Random.OSRNG.winrandom' extension

这个警告信息是因为在安装 Crypto 库时没有安装 GMP 或者 MPIR 库，导致 Crypto.PublicKey._fastmath 模块不能正确编译。你可以忽略这个警告，因为 Crypto 库会自动使用 Python 内置的 math 库进行运算，只是速度较...

pycryptodome用最新版的这个库会报错from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_OAEP ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'Crypto'

根据您提供的引用内容，您使用的是pycryptodome库，而不是Crypto库。因此，您需要使用以下命令安装pycryptodome库： ...from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_OAEP # 更改为 from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_OAEP ```

怎么安装"DBMS_CRYPTO"."TRIPEDES_CBC

SELECT dbms_crypto.encrypt (src => utl_raw.cast_to_raw ('<your_data>'), typ => dbms_crypto.tripledes_cbc, key => utl_raw.cast_to_raw ('<your_key>'), iv => utl_raw.cast_to_raw ('<your_iv>')) FROM ...

mybatis plus org.apache.ibatis.binding.BindingException: Invalid bound statement (not found): com.ut.crypto.mapper.DemoMapper.selectCount

<mapper namespace="com.ut.crypto.mapper.DemoMapper"> <select id="selectCount" resultType="java.lang.Integer"> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM demo_table ``` ```java // DemoMapper.java package ...

window.crypto.subtle.generateKey()

window.crypto.subtle.generateKey()是window.crypto.subtle对象的一个方法，用于生成加密操作所需的密钥对或对称密钥。该方法接受两个参数：算法和是否可导出。 - 算法参数指定要使用的加密算法。它应该是一个...

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'Crypto' from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA 怎么办

这个错误提示说明你的Python环境中没有安装Crypto模块。你可以按照以下步骤解决这个问题： 1. 打开命令行窗口，输入以下命令安装Crypto模块：pip install pycryptodome 2. 如果你的Python环境中已经安装了名为crypto...

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程序员必修：免费加密基础课程Crypto101简介

BouncyCastle.Crypto.dll,itextsharp.dll

CTF密码学CRYPTO.pdf

window.crypto.subtle

SQL> UPDATE PRODUCT 2 SET Price = DBMS_CRYPTO.ENCRYPT( 3 src => TO_CHAR(Price), 4 typ => DBMS_CRYPTO.TYPE_AES256, 5 key => utl_raw.cast_to_raw('group25') 6 ); typ => DBMS_CRYPTO.TYPE_AES256, * ERROR at line 4: ORA-00904: "DBMS_CRYPTO"."TYPE_AES256": invalid identifier怎么解决

import javax.crypto.interfaces.DHPublicKey import javax.crypto.spec.DHParameterSpec

raise NotImplementedError("Use module Crypto.Cipher.PKCS1_OAEP instead") NotImplementedError: Use module Crypto.Cipher.PKCS1_OAEP instead

java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.bouncycastle.crypto.digests.SM3Digest

encrypted = crypto.AES.encrypt(srcs, key, { iv: key, mode: crypto.mode.CFB, padding: crypto.pad.NoPadding })转换为Python代码

from Crypto.Util.number import * ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'Crypto'出现这个问题的情况有哪些

warning: GMP or MPIR library not found; Not building Crypto.PublicKey._fastmath. building 'Crypto.Random.OSRNG.winrandom' extension

crypto.cipher 安装

"DBMS_CRYPTO"."TRIPEDES_CBC": invalid identifier怎么解决

Crypto.subtle.deriveKey

hutool.crypto.digest.DigestUtil.md5Hex()和springframework.util.DigestUtils.md5DigestAsHex()一样吗

pycryptodome用最新版的这个库会报错from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_OAEP ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'Crypto'

怎么安装"DBMS_CRYPTO"."TRIPEDES_CBC

mybatis plus org.apache.ibatis.binding.BindingException: Invalid bound statement (not found): com.ut.crypto.mapper.DemoMapper.selectCount

window.crypto.subtle.generateKey()

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'Crypto' from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA 怎么办

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