Python编写滑动验证码
时间: 2023-11-05 13:50:46 浏览: 150
使用python实现滑动验证码功能
滑动验证码是一种常见的人机验证方式,可以有效地防止机器人恶意攻击。下面是一个使用Python编写的滑动验证码示例:
首先,我们需要导入必要的模块,包括selenium、PIL和time:
```python
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from PIL import Image
import time
```
接下来,我们需要启动Chrome浏览器,并打开目标网站:
```python
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('https://www.example.com')
```
然后,我们需要找到滑块和验证码图片的元素,并获取它们的位置和大小信息:
```python
slider = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[@class="slider"]')
slider_width = slider.size['width']
slider_height = slider.size['height']
captcha = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[@class="captcha"]')
captcha_left = captcha.location['x']
captcha_top = captcha.location['y']
captcha_right = captcha_left + captcha.size['width']
captcha_bottom = captcha_top + captcha.size['height']
```
接着,我们需要截取验证码图片,并保存到本地:
```python
driver.save_screenshot('screenshot.png')
captcha_image = Image.open('screenshot.png')
captcha_image = captcha_image.crop((captcha_left, captcha_top, captcha_right, captcha_bottom))
captcha_image.save('captcha.png')
```
然后,我们需要使用PIL库来加载验证码图片,并找到滑块的初始位置:
```python
captcha_image = Image.open('captcha.png')
slider_image = captcha_image.crop((0, 0, slider_width, slider_height))
slider_image.save('slider.png')
slider_start = (slider.location['x'] - captcha_left, slider.location['y'] - captcha_top)
```
接下来,我们需要使用selenium模拟鼠标拖动滑块的操作,直到滑块到达指定位置:
```python
slider_knob = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[@class="slider-knob"]')
while True:
slider_image = Image.open('slider.png')
captcha_image = Image.open('captcha.png')
diff = ImageChops.difference(slider_image, captcha_image)
bbox = diff.getbbox()
if bbox is None:
break
offset = (bbox[0] + slider_start[0], bbox[1] + slider_start[1])
actions = ActionChains(driver)
actions.click_and_hold(slider_knob).move_by_offset(offset[0], offset[1]).release().perform()
time.sleep(1)
```
最后,我们可以关闭浏览器,并删除临时文件:
```python
driver.quit()
os.remove('screenshot.png')
os.remove('captcha.png')
os.remove('slider.png')
```
完整的Python代码示例如下:
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