编写程序实现一个简单计算器的基本功能,具体可以模仿Windows附件中的计算器或模拟常见的实物计算器。

以下是一个简单的计算器实现，支持基本的加减乘除操作：

from tkinter import *

class Calculator:
    def __init__(self, master):
        self.master = master
        self.master.title("Calculator")

        # create entry widget
        self.entry = Entry(self.master, width=40, borderwidth=5)
        self.entry.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=4, padx=10, pady=10)

        # create buttons
        self.button_1 = Button(self.master, text="1", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: self.button_click(1))
        self.button_2 = Button(self.master, text="2", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: self.button_click(2))
        self.button_3 = Button(self.master, text="3", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: self.button_click(3))
        self.button_4 = Button(self.master, text="4", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: self.button_click(4))
        self.button_5 = Button(self.master, text="5", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: self.button_click(5))
        self.button_6 = Button(self.master, text="6", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: self.button_click(6))
        self.button_7 = Button(self.master, text="7", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: self.button_click(7))
        self.button_8 = Button(self.master, text="8", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: self.button_click(8))
        self.button_9 = Button(self.master, text="9", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: self.button_click(9))
        self.button_0 = Button(self.master, text="0", padx=40, pady=20, command=lambda: self.button_click(0))
        self.button_add = Button(self.master, text="+", padx=39, pady=20, command=self.button_add)
        self.button_subtract = Button(self.master, text="-", padx=41, pady=20, command=self.button_subtract)
        self.button_multiply = Button(self.master, text="*", padx=40, pady=20, command=self.button_multiply)
        self.button_divide = Button(self.master, text="/", padx=41, pady=20, command=self.button_divide)
        self.button_clear = Button(self.master, text="Clear", padx=29, pady=20, command=self.button_clear)
        self.button_equal = Button(self.master, text="=", padx=91, pady=20, command=self.button_equal)

        # put buttons on the screen
        self.button_1.grid(row=1, column=0)
        self.button_2.grid(row=1, column=1)
        self.button_3.grid(row=1, column=2)

        self.button_4.grid(row=2, column=0)
        self.button_5.grid(row=2, column=1)
        self.button_6.grid(row=2, column=2)

        self.button_7.grid(row=3, column=0)
        self.button_8.grid(row=3, column=1)
        self.button_9.grid(row=3, column=2)

        self.button_0.grid(row=4, column=0)
        self.button_clear.grid(row=4, column=1)
        self.button_equal.grid(row=4, column=2, columnspan=2)

        self.button_add.grid(row=5, column=0)
        self.button_subtract.grid(row=6, column=0)
        self.button_multiply.grid(row=6, column=1)
        self.button_divide.grid(row=6, column=2)

        self.first_number = None
        self.operation = None
        self.entry_value = ""

    def button_click(self, number):
        self.entry.delete(0, END)
        self.entry_value = str(self.entry_value) + str(number)
        self.entry.insert(0, self.entry_value)

    def button_clear(self):
        self.entry.delete(0, END)
        self.first_number = None
        self.operation = None
        self.entry_value = ""

    def button_add(self):
        self.first_number = float(self.entry.get())
        self.entry.delete(0, END)
        self.operation = "+"
        self.entry_value = ""

    def button_subtract(self):
        self.first_number = float(self.entry.get())
        self.entry.delete(0, END)
        self.operation = "-"
        self.entry_value = ""

    def button_multiply(self):
        self.first_number = float(self.entry.get())
        self.entry.delete(0, END)
        self.operation = "*"
        self.entry_value = ""

    def button_divide(self):
        self.first_number = float(self.entry.get())
        self.entry.delete(0, END)
        self.operation = "/"
        self.entry_value = ""

    def button_equal(self):
        second_number = float(self.entry.get())
        self.entry.delete(0, END)

        if self.operation == "+":
            result = self.first_number + second_number
        elif self.operation == "-":
            result = self.first_number - second_number
        elif self.operation == "*":
            result = self.first_number * second_number
        elif self.operation == "/":
            result = self.first_number / second_number

        self.entry.insert(0, result)
        self.first_number = result
        self.entry_value = ""

root = Tk()
calculator = Calculator(root)
root.mainloop()

在这个程序中，我们使用了 Python 的 Tkinter 模块来创建了一个基本的 GUI 界面，包含一个文本框和一些按钮。当用户点击数字按钮时，我们将数字添加到文本框中。当用户点击运算符按钮时，我们将第一个数字存储到 `first_number` 变量中，并将运算符存储到 `operation` 变量中。当用户点击等号按钮时，我们将第二个数字从文本框中获取，并根据存储在 `operation` 变量中的运算符来计算结果。最后，我们将结果显示在文本框中，并将其存储在 `first_number` 变量中，以便用户可以继续进行下一次计算。