antlr4 解析C代码
时间: 2023-10-10 10:14:03 浏览: 97
ANTLR4 可以用来解析 C 代码,但是需要先编写好 C 语言的词法和语法规则。你可以使用 ANTLR4 提供的 C 语言语法规范作为参考,该语法规范定义了 C 语言的词法结构和语法结构。
具体来说,你需要使用 ANTLR4 编写 C 语言的词法规则和语法规则。词法规则用来将 C 代码分解成一个个词法单元(Token),语法规则用来将 Token 组合成一个抽象语法树(AST)。
下面是一个简单的示例,演示如何使用 ANTLR4 解析 C 代码:
1. 编写 C 语言的词法规则和语法规则(以 C99 标准为例):
```
grammar C99;
compilationUnit : externalDeclaration+ ;
externalDeclaration : functionDefinition | declaration ;
functionDefinition : declarationSpecifiers declarator declarationList? compoundStatement ;
declaration : declarationSpecifiers (initDeclaratorList)? ';' ;
declarationSpecifiers : (storageClassSpecifier | typeSpecifier | typeQualifier)* ;
initDeclaratorList : initDeclarator (',' initDeclarator)* ;
initDeclarator : declarator ('=' initializer)? ;
declarator : pointer? directDeclarator ;
pointer : '*' typeQualifier* pointer? ;
directDeclarator : identifier | '(' declarator ')' | directDeclarator '[' constantExpression? ']' ;
typeQualifier : 'const' | 'volatile' ;
typeSpecifier : 'void' | 'char' | 'short' | 'int' | 'long' | 'float' | 'double' | 'signed' | 'unsigned' | structOrUnionSpecifier | enumSpecifier | typedefName ;
structOrUnionSpecifier : ('struct' | 'union') identifier? '{' structDeclaration* '}' ;
structDeclaration : specifierQualifierList structDeclaratorList? ';' ;
specifierQualifierList : (typeSpecifier | typeQualifier)+ ;
structDeclaratorList : structDeclarator (',' structDeclarator)* ;
structDeclarator : declarator? (':' constantExpression)? ;
enumSpecifier : 'enum' identifier? '{' enumeratorList? '}' ;
enumeratorList : enumerator (',' enumerator)* ;
enumerator : identifier ('=' constantExpression)? ;
typedefName : identifier ;
initializer : assignmentExpression | '{' initializerList '}' | '{' initializerList ',' '}' ;
initializerList : initializer (',' initializer)* ;
statement : labeledStatement | compoundStatement | expressionStatement | selectionStatement | iterationStatement | jumpStatement ;
labeledStatement : identifier ':' statement | 'case' constantExpression ':' statement | 'default' ':' statement ;
compoundStatement : '{' (declaration | statement)* '}' ;
expressionStatement : expression? ';' ;
selectionStatement : 'if' '(' expression ')' statement ('else' statement)? | 'switch' '(' expression ')' statement ;
iterationStatement : 'while' '(' expression ')' statement | 'do' statement 'while' '(' expression ')' | 'for' '(' expressionStatement expressionStatement? ')' statement ;
jumpStatement : 'goto' identifier ';' | 'continue' ';' | 'break' ';' | 'return' expression? ';' ;
expression : assignmentExpression (',' assignmentExpression)* ;
assignmentExpression : conditionalExpression | unaryExpression assignmentOperator assignmentExpression ;
conditionalExpression : logicalOrExpression ('?' expression ':' conditionalExpression)? ;
logicalOrExpression : logicalAndExpression ('||' logicalAndExpression)* ;
logicalAndExpression : inclusiveOrExpression ('&&' inclusiveOrExpression)* ;
inclusiveOrExpression : exclusiveOrExpression ('|' exclusiveOrExpression)* ;
exclusiveOrExpression : andExpression ('^' andExpression)* ;
andExpression : equalityExpression ('&' equalityExpression)* ;
equalityExpression : relationalExpression (('==' | '!=') relationalExpression)* ;
relationalExpression : shiftExpression (('<' | '>' | '<=' | '>=') shiftExpression)* ;
shiftExpression : additiveExpression (('<<' | '>>') additiveExpression)* ;
additiveExpression : multiplicativeExpression (('+' | '-') multiplicativeExpression)* ;
multiplicativeExpression : castExpression (('*' | '/' | '%') castExpression)* ;
castExpression : '(' typeName ')' castExpression | unaryExpression ;
unaryExpression : postfixExpression | ('++' | '--') unaryExpression | unaryOperator castExpression | sizeof unaryExpression | sizeof '(' typeName ')' ;
postfixExpression : primaryExpression ( '[' expression ']' | '(' argumentExpressionList? ')' | '.' identifier | '->' identifier | '++' | '--' )* ;
argumentExpressionList : assignmentExpression (',' assignmentExpression)* ;
primaryExpression : identifier | constant | stringLiteral | '(' expression ')' ;
constant : integerConstant | floatingConstant | enumerationConstant ;
integerConstant : decimalConstant | octalConstant | hexadecimalConstant ;
decimalConstant : ('0' | nonZeroDigit digit* ) ;
octalConstant : '0' octalDigit* ;
hexadecimalConstant : '0x' hexDigit+ ;
floatingConstant : decimalFloatingConstant | hexadecimalFloatingConstant ;
decimalFloatingConstant : fraction | exponent | fraction exponent ;
fraction : digit+ '.' digit* ;
exponent : ('e' | 'E') ('+' | '-')? digit+ ;
hexadecimalFloatingConstant : hexadecimalPrefix hexFraction binaryExponent | hexadecimalPrefix hexadecimalDigit+ binaryExponent ;
hexPrefix : ('0x' | '0X') ;
hexFraction : hexadecimalDigit* '.' hexadecimalDigit+ | hexadecimalDigit+ '.' ;
binaryExponent : ('p' | 'P') ('+' | '-')? digit+ ;
enumerationConstant : identifier ;
identifier : [a-zA-Z_] [a-zA-Z_0-9]* ;
stringLiteral : '"' [^"\n]* '"' ;
constantExpression : conditionalExpression ;
typeName : specifierQualifierList abstractDeclarator? ;
abstractDeclarator : pointer? directAbstractDeclarator ;
directAbstractDeclarator : '(' abstractDeclarator ')' | '[' '*'? ']' | '[' directAbstractDeclarator ']' '[' assignmentExpression? ']' | '(' parameterTypeList? ')' ;
parameterTypeList : parameterList (',' '...')? ;
parameterList : parameterDeclaration (',' parameterDeclaration)* ;
parameterDeclaration : declarationSpecifiers declarator | declarationSpecifiers abstractDeclarator? ;
```
2. 使用 ANTLR4 生成 C 解析器的代码:
```
antlr4 C99.g4
javac C99*.java
```
3. 编写一个 Java 类来读取 C 代码文件并解析:
```
import org.antlr.v4.runtime.*;
import org.antlr.v4.runtime.tree.*;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
public class CParser {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
String inputFile = null;
if (args.length > 0) inputFile = args[0];
InputStream is = System.in;
if (inputFile != null) is = new FileInputStream(inputFile);
CharStream input = CharStreams.fromStream(is);
CLexer lexer = new CLexer(input);
CommonTokenStream tokens = new CommonTokenStream(lexer);
C99Parser parser = new C99Parser(tokens);
ParseTree tree = parser.compilationUnit(); // 解析 C 代码文件
System.out.println(tree.toStringTree(parser));
}
}
```
4. 运行 Java 程序来解析 C 代码文件:
```
java CParser test.c
```
其中,`test.c` 是需要解析的 C 代码文件。
这样,就可以使用 ANTLR4 解析 C 代码了。需要注意的是,ANTLR4 生成的解析器只能解析语法正确的 C 代码,如果 C 代码存在语法错误,解析器将会抛出异常。
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