c++中exchange()
时间: 2024-04-09 18:28:49 浏览: 129
在C++中,`exchange()`是一个模板函数,用于交换两个值。它定义在`<utility>`头文件中,并且接受两个参数:第一个参数是要交换的值的引用,第二个参数是要与之交换的值。`exchange()`函数会返回原始值。
以下是`exchange()`函数的示例用法:
```cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <utility>
int main() {
int a = 5;
int b = 10;
std::cout << "Before swap: a = " << a << ", b = " << b << std::endl;
std::exchange(a, b);
std::cout << "After swap: a = " << a << ", b = " << b << std::endl;
return 0;
}
```
输出结果为:
```
Before swap: a = 5, b = 10
After swap: a = 10, b = 5
```
在这个示例中,我们使用`exchange()`函数交换了变量`a`和`b`的值。
相关问题
C++ exchange
Sure, I can help you with that! In C++, you can exchange the values of two variables using a temporary variable. Here's an example:
```cpp
#include <iostream>
void exchange(int& a, int& b) {
int temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
}
int main() {
int num1 = 5;
int num2 = 10;
std::cout << "Before exchange: num1 = " << num1 << ", num2 = " << num2 << std::endl;
exchange(num1, num2);
std::cout << "After exchange: num1 = " << num1 << ", num2 = " << num2 << std::endl;
return 0;
}
```
In this example, the `exchange` function takes two integers by reference and swaps their values using a temporary variable. You can call this function to exchange the values of any two variables.
利用c++的compare_exchange_weak写一个cas交换整数的代码
在C++中,`std::atomic`库提供了一个函数模板`compare_exchange_weak`,用于原子地比较并交换一个变量的值。如果当前值等于预期值,则交换新值;否则不做任何操作。这通常用于实现无锁的数据结构和并发控制。下面是一个简单的例子,演示如何使用`compare_exchange_weak`来交换两个`std::atomic<int>`类型的值:
```cpp
#include <atomic>
// 假设我们有两个互斥使用的原子整数
std::atomic<int> target(0); // 要交换的目标
std::atomic<int> expected(0), new_value(42); // 预期值和新值
void cas_exchange(int expected_value, int new_value) {
bool success = target.compare_exchange_weak(expected_value, new_value);
if (success) {
std::cout << "CAS succeeded: target was " << expected_value << ", now " << target.load() << std::endl;
} else {
std::cout << "CAS failed: target was not " << expected_value << std::endl;
}
}
int main() {
// 开始时target的值为0
cas_exchange(expected.load(), new_value.load());
// 现在尝试再次交换,这次会失败因为期望值已改变
cas_exchange(new_value.load(), 99);
return 0;
}
```
在这个例子中,`compare_exchange_weak`会在成功时返回`true`,表示目标值已经被更新为新值。如果不成功,说明在检查和更新之间其他线程也改变了这个值。
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