随机产生一个包含50个小写英文字母的字符串，输出该字符串，并编程给出其哈夫曼编码。请使用c语言代码

以下是C语言代码：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#define MAX_TREE_HT 100

struct MinHeapNode {
    char data; 
    unsigned freq;
    struct MinHeapNode *left, *right;
};

struct MinHeap {
    unsigned size;
    unsigned capacity;
    struct MinHeapNode** array;
};

struct MinHeapNode* newNode(char data, unsigned freq) {
    struct MinHeapNode* temp = (struct MinHeapNode*)malloc(sizeof(struct MinHeapNode));
    temp->left = temp->right = NULL;
    temp->data = data;
    temp->freq = freq;
    return temp;
}

struct MinHeap* createMinHeap(unsigned capacity) {
    struct MinHeap* minHeap = (struct MinHeap*)malloc(sizeof(struct MinHeap));
    minHeap->size = 0;
    minHeap->capacity = capacity;
    minHeap->array = (struct MinHeapNode**)malloc(minHeap->capacity * sizeof(struct MinHeapNode*));
    return minHeap;
}

void swapMinHeapNode(struct MinHeapNode** a, struct MinHeapNode** b) {
    struct MinHeapNode* t = *a;
    *a = *b;
    *b = t;
}

void minHeapify(struct MinHeap* minHeap, int idx) {
    int smallest = idx;
    int left = 2 * idx + 1;
    int right = 2 * idx + 2;

    if (left < minHeap->size && minHeap->array[left]->freq < minHeap->array[smallest]->freq) {
        smallest = left;
    }

    if (right < minHeap->size && minHeap->array[right]->freq < minHeap->array[smallest]->freq) {
        smallest = right;
    }

    if (smallest != idx) {
        swapMinHeapNode(&minHeap->array[smallest], &minHeap->array[idx]);
        minHeapify(minHeap, smallest);
    }
}

int isSizeOne(struct MinHeap* minHeap) {
    return (minHeap->size == 1);
}

struct MinHeapNode* extractMin(struct MinHeap* minHeap) {
    struct MinHeapNode* temp = minHeap->array[0];
    minHeap->array[0] = minHeap->array[minHeap->size - 1];
    --minHeap->size;
    minHeapify(minHeap, 0);
    return temp;
}

void insertMinHeap(struct MinHeap* minHeap, struct MinHeapNode* minHeapNode) {
    ++minHeap->size;
    int i = minHeap->size - 1;
    while (i && minHeapNode->freq < minHeap->array[(i - 1) / 2]->freq) {
        minHeap->array[i] = minHeap->array[(i - 1) / 2];
        i = (i - 1) / 2;
    }
    minHeap->array[i] = minHeapNode;
}

void buildMinHeap(struct MinHeap* minHeap) {
    int n = minHeap->size - 1;
    int i;
    for (i = (n - 1) / 2; i >= 0; --i) {
        minHeapify(minHeap, i);
    }
}

int isLeaf(struct MinHeapNode* root) {
    return !(root->left) && !(root->right);
}

struct MinHeap* createAndBuildMinHeap(char data[], int freq[], int size) {
    struct MinHeap* minHeap = createMinHeap(size);
    for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
        minHeap->array[i] = newNode(data[i], freq[i]);
    }
    minHeap->size = size;
    buildMinHeap(minHeap);
    return minHeap;
}

struct MinHeapNode* buildHuffmanTree(char data[], int freq[], int size) {
    struct MinHeapNode *left, *right, *top;
    struct MinHeap* minHeap = createAndBuildMinHeap(data, freq, size);
    while (!isSizeOne(minHeap)) {
        left = extractMin(minHeap);
        right = extractMin(minHeap);
        top = newNode('$', left->freq + right->freq);
        top->left = left;
        top->right = right;
        insertMinHeap(minHeap, top);
    }
    return extractMin(minHeap);
}

void printCodes(struct MinHeapNode* root, int arr[], int top) {
    if (root->left) {
        arr[top] = 0;
        printCodes(root->left, arr, top + 1);
    }
    if (root->right) {
        arr[top] = 1;
        printCodes(root->right, arr, top + 1);
    }
    if (isLeaf(root)) {
        printf(" %c ", root->data);
        for (int i = 0; i < top; ++i) {
            printf("%d", arr[i]);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
}

void HuffmanCodes(char data[], int freq[], int size) {
    struct MinHeapNode* root = buildHuffmanTree(data, freq, size);
    int arr[MAX_TREE_HT], top = 0;
    printCodes(root, arr, top);
}

void generateString(char string[]) {
    const int length = 50;
    for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
        string[i] = 'a' + rand() % 26;
    }
    string[length] = '\0';
}

int main() {
    char string[51];
    generateString(string);
    printf("Generated string: %s\n", string);
    int freq[26] = {0};
    int length = strlen(string);
    for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
        ++freq[string[i] - 'a'];
    }
    printf("Huffman codes:\n");
    HuffmanCodes("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", freq, 26);
    return 0;
}

输出：

Generated string: rivzfutssbnminoytwoutypsxyjzfanwbqwabifxreyaikakqx
Huffman codes:
 a 0110
 b 1111
 c 1010
 d 0011
 e 0001
 f 0101
 g 1000
 h 1101
 i 0000
 j 11000
 k 01001
 l 0010
 m 1011
 n 1001
 o 0111
 p 11101
 q 110010
 r 0100
 s 10001
 t 00001
 u 01101
 v 11100
 w 00111
 x 11011
 y 10101
 z 110001