nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=7, stride=2, padding=3)是什么意思
时间: 2023-10-18 21:05:23 浏览: 58
这是一个在PyTorch中定义卷积层的语句,具体地,它表示:
输入通道数为3,输出通道数为64的卷积层,卷积核的大小为7*7,步长为2,填充大小为3。
其中,输入通道数为3表示输入的数据是一张3通道的图片;输出通道数为64表示卷积层输出的特征图有64个通道;卷积核大小为7*7表示卷积层使用的卷积核大小为7*7;步长为2表示卷积核每次移动的步长为2;填充大小为3表示在输入图片的周围填充3个像素点,以保证卷积后输出的特征图大小与输入图片大小相同。
相关问题
import torch from torch import nn import d2l net = nn.Sequential( nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1), nn.ReLU(), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2), nn.Conv2d(64, 192, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1), nn.ReLU(), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2), nn.Conv2d(192, 384, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(), nn.Conv2d(384, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(), nn.Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(), nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2), nn.Flatten(), nn.Linear(9216, 4096), nn.ReLU(), nn.Dropout(p=0.5), nn.Linear(4096, 4096), nn.ReLU(), nn.Dropout(p=0.5), nn.Linear(4096, 10)),RuntimeError: mat1 and mat2 shapes cannot be multiplied (2x4096 and 9216x4096),如何调整参数
这个错误是由于 nn.Linear(9216, 4096) 和前面一些卷积层的输出形状不兼容,导致无法进行矩阵乘法运算。具体来说,nn.Linear(9216, 4096) 的输入形状是 (batch_size, 9216),而前面一些卷积层的输出形状可能是 (batch_size, h, w, c),其中 h, w, c 分别表示高度、宽度和通道数,这样的形状无法直接与 nn.Linear(9216, 4096) 进行矩阵乘法运算。
要解决这个问题,你可以在 nn.Linear(9216, 4096) 之前添加一层 nn.Flatten(),将前面卷积层的输出形状展平成二维形状。具体来说,你可以将代码修改为如下所示:
```python
import torch
from torch import nn
import d2l
net = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1), nn.ReLU(),
nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),
nn.Conv2d(64, 192, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1), nn.ReLU(),
nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),
nn.Conv2d(192, 384, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(),
nn.Conv2d(384, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(),
nn.Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(),
nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),
nn.Flatten(),
nn.Linear(9216, 4096), nn.ReLU(),
nn.Dropout(p=0.5),
nn.Linear(4096, 4096), nn.ReLU(),
nn.Dropout(p=0.5),
nn.Linear(4096, 10)
)
```
希望这可以帮助你解决问题!
基于300条数据用CNN多分类预测时,训练精度特别差,代码如下class Model(Module): def __init__(self): super(Model, self).__init__() self.conv1_1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=3,out_channels=64,kernel_size=(3,3),padding=1) self.bn1_1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(64) self.relu1_1 = nn.ReLU() self.pool1 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=4, stride=4) self.conv2_1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=64,out_channels=128,kernel_size=(3,3),padding=1) self.bn2_1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(128) self.relu2_1 = nn.ReLU() self.pool2 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2) self.conv3_1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=128,out_channels=256,kernel_size=(3,3),padding=1) self.bn3_1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(256) self.relu3_1 = nn.ReLU() self.pool3 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2) self.conv4_1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=256,out_channels=512,kernel_size=(3,3)) self.bn4_1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(512) self.relu4_1 = nn.ReLU() self.conv4_2 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=512,out_channels=512,kernel_size=(3,3)) self.bn4_2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(512) self.relu4_2 = nn.ReLU() self.pool4 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2) self.conv5_1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=512,out_channels=512,kernel_size=(3,3)) self.bn5_1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(512) self.relu5_1 = nn.ReLU() self.conv5_2 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=512,out_channels=512,kernel_size=(3,3)) self.bn5_2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(512) self.relu5_2 = nn.ReLU() self.pool5 = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(5) self.dropout1 = nn.Dropout(p=0.3) self.fc1=nn.Linear(512*5*5,512) self.relu6=nn.ReLU() self.dropout2 = nn.Dropout(p=0.2) self.fc2=nn.Linear(512,141) ,具体如何修改代码
训练精度差可能是由于数据集太小,或者模型的训练过程不够充分。可以尝试以下几个方法:
1. 增加数据集:可以通过数据增强的方法来扩充数据集,比如随机裁剪、翻转、旋转等等。
2. 调整超参数:可以尝试调整学习率、优化器、dropout等超参数来提高模型的性能。
3. 调整网络结构:可以尝试增加卷积层、全连接层,或者使用更深的网络结构来提高模型的性能。
以下是代码的修改建议:
1. 增加数据增强:可以使用 torchvision.transforms 对图像进行随机裁剪、翻转等操作,来扩充数据集。
2. 调整学习率和优化器:可以尝试使用较小的学习率,并选择合适的优化器,比如 Adam。
3. 增加全连接层:可以在模型中增加一个全连接层来提高模型性能。
4. 增加正则化:可以使用 L2 正则化来防止过拟合。
修改后的代码如下:
```
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torchvision.transforms as transforms
class Model(Module):
def __init__(self):
super(Model, self).__init__()
self.conv1_1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=3,out_channels=64,kernel_size=(3,3),padding=1)
self.bn1_1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(64)
self.relu1_1 = nn.ReLU()
self.pool1 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=4, stride=4)
self.conv2_1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=64,out_channels=128,kernel_size=(3,3),padding=1)
self.bn2_1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(128)
self.relu2_1 = nn.ReLU()
self.pool2 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2)
self.conv3_1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=128,out_channels=256,kernel_size=(3,3),padding=1)
self.bn3_1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(256)
self.relu3_1 = nn.ReLU()
self.pool3 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2)
self.conv4_1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=256,out_channels=512,kernel_size=(3,3))
self.bn4_1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(512)
self.relu4_1 = nn.ReLU()
self.conv4_2 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=512,out_channels=512,kernel_size=(3,3))
self.bn4_2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(512)
self.relu4_2 = nn.ReLU()
self.pool4 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2)
self.conv5_1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=512,out_channels=512,kernel_size=(3,3))
self.bn5_1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(512)
self.relu5_1 = nn.ReLU()
self.conv5_2 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=512,out_channels=512,kernel_size=(3,3))
self.bn5_2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(512)
self.relu5_2 = nn.ReLU()
self.pool5 = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(5)
self.dropout1 = nn.Dropout(p=0.3)
self.fc1=nn.Linear(512*5*5, 1024)
self.relu6=nn.ReLU()
self.dropout2 = nn.Dropout(p=0.2)
self.fc2=nn.Linear(1024, 141)
# 数据增强
self.transform = transforms.Compose([
transforms.RandomCrop(32, padding=4),
transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(),
transforms.ToTensor(),
transforms.Normalize((0.5, 0.5, 0.5), (0.5, 0.5, 0.5))
])
def forward(self, x):
x = self.conv1_1(x)
x = self.bn1_1(x)
x = self.relu1_1(x)
x = self.pool1(x)
x = self.conv2_1(x)
x = self.bn2_1(x)
x = self.relu2_1(x)
x = self.pool2(x)
x = self.conv3_1(x)
x = self.bn3_1(x)
x = self.relu3_1(x)
x = self.pool3(x)
x = self.conv4_1(x)
x = self.bn4_1(x)
x = self.relu4_1(x)
x = self.conv4_2(x)
x = self.bn4_2(x)
x = self.relu4_2(x)
x = self.pool4(x)
x = self.conv5_1(x)
x = self.bn5_1(x)
x = self.relu5_1(x)
x = self.conv5_2(x)
x = self.bn5_2(x)
x = self.relu5_2(x)
x = self.pool5(x)
x = x.view(-1, 512*5*5)
x = self.dropout1(x)
x = self.fc1(x)
x = self.relu6(x)
x = self.dropout2(x)
x = self.fc2(x)
return x
```
在训练时,可以使用如下代码来进行数据增强:
```
trainset = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10(root='./data', train=True,
download=True, transform=model.transform)
trainloader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(trainset, batch_size=128,
shuffle=True, num_workers=2)
```