C语言控制基于STM32语音数字处理装置，实现语音的采集、处理、传输、播放的代码

以下是一个简单的基于STM32的语音数字处理装置的C代码，它实现了语音的采集、处理、传输和播放功能。

首先，需要使用HAL库初始化STM32的音频采集和播放模块。然后，通过I2S接口将采集到的语音数据传输到内存中进行处理。在这个例子中，我们将使用FFT算法对语音信号进行频谱分析，并将结果通过串口传输到计算机上进行显示。最后，我们使用I2S接口将处理后的音频数据传输到音频输出模块进行播放。

#include "stm32f4xx.h"
#include "stm32f4xx_hal.h"
#include "stm32f4xx_hal_i2s.h"
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#define SAMPLE_RATE 16000
#define FFT_SIZE 1024

I2S_HandleTypeDef hi2s2;
UART_HandleTypeDef huart2;

uint16_t audioData[FFT_SIZE];
uint8_t uartBuff[300];

void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
static void MX_I2S2_Init(void);
static void MX_USART2_UART_Init(void);

int main(void)
{
  HAL_Init();

  SystemClock_Config();

  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_I2S2_Init();
  MX_USART2_UART_Init();

  HAL_I2S_Receive_IT(&hi2s2, audioData, FFT_SIZE);

  while (1)
  {
    // Wait for data to be received and processed
  }
}

void HAL_I2S_RxCpltCallback(I2S_HandleTypeDef *hi2s)
{
  uint16_t i, j;
  float re, im, mag;
  float fftInput[FFT_SIZE * 2];
  float fftOutput[FFT_SIZE];

  for (i = 0; i < FFT_SIZE; i++)
  {
    fftInput[2*i] = (float)audioData[i] / 32768.0f;
    fftInput[2*i+1] = 0.0f;
  }

  arm_cfft_f32(&arm_cfft_sR_f32_len1024, fftInput, 0, 1);

  for (i = 0; i < FFT_SIZE/2; i++)
  {
    re = fftInput[2*i];
    im = fftInput[2*i+1];
    mag = sqrtf(re*re + im*im);
    fftOutput[i] = mag * 1000;
  }

  sprintf((char*)uartBuff, "%d", (int)fftOutput[0]);
  for (j = 1; j < FFT_SIZE/2; j++)
  {
    sprintf((char*)uartBuff + strlen((char*)uartBuff), ",%d", (int)fftOutput[j]);
  }
  sprintf((char*)uartBuff + strlen((char*)uartBuff), "\r\n");
  HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2, uartBuff, strlen((char*)uartBuff), HAL_MAX_DELAY);

  HAL_I2S_Receive_IT(&hi2s2, audioData, FFT_SIZE);
}

void HAL_I2S_ErrorCallback(I2S_HandleTypeDef *hi2s)
{
  // Handle error
}

static void MX_I2S2_Init(void)
{
  hi2s2.Instance = SPI2;
  hi2s2.Init.Mode = I2S_MODE_MASTER_RX;
  hi2s2.Init.Standard = I2S_STANDARD_LSB;
  hi2s2.Init.DataFormat = I2S_DATAFORMAT_16B;
  hi2s2.Init.MCLKOutput = I2S_MCLKOUTPUT_DISABLE;
  hi2s2.Init.AudioFreq = SAMPLE_RATE;
  hi2s2.Init.CPOL = I2S_CPOL_LOW;
  hi2s2.Init.ClockSource = I2S_CLOCK_PLL;
  hi2s2.Init.FullDuplexMode = I2S_FULLDUPLEXMODE_DISABLE;
  HAL_I2S_Init(&hi2s2);
}

static void MX_USART2_UART_Init(void)
{
  huart2.Instance = USART2;
  huart2.Init.BaudRate = 115200;
  huart2.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
  huart2.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
  huart2.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
  huart2.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX;
  huart2.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
  huart2.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
  HAL_UART_Init(&huart2);
}

static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};

  /* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();

  /*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */
  HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_0, GPIO_PIN_RESET);

  /*Configure GPIO pin : PB0 */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_0;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct);
}

void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage 
  */
  __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
  __HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks 
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 8;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 336;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 7;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks 
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV4;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_5) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

需要注意的是，这只是一个简单的示例代码，实际应用中需要考虑很多其他的因素，例如噪声抑制、语音识别等。