int angle = 0; int step = 2; while (1) { ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Angle of rotation: %d", angle); ESP_ERROR_CHECK(mcpwm_comparator_set_compare_value(comparator, example_angle_to_compare(angle))); //Add delay, since it takes time for servo to rotate, usually 200ms/60degree rotation under 5V power supply vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(500)); if ((angle + step) > 60 || (angle + step) < -60) { step *= -1; } angle += step; }详细注释一下这段代码
时间: 2024-01-16 21:03:17 浏览: 139
这段代码使用了ESP32的MCPWM模块控制伺服电机进行旋转。以下是代码注释的详细解释:
```c
int angle = 0; // 保存当前的旋转角度
int step = 2; // 控制旋转的步长,这里设置为2度
while (1) { // 进入无限循环
// 打印当前旋转角度
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Angle of rotation: %d", angle);
// 设置比较器的比较值,实现对伺服电机的控制
ESP_ERROR_CHECK(mcpwm_comparator_set_compare_value(comparator, example_angle_to_compare(angle)));
// 由于旋转需要时间,这里添加了延时,通常为200ms/60度旋转
vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(500));
// 判断是否到达旋转极限,如果到达,则改变步长的方向
if ((angle + step) > 60 || (angle + step) < -60) {
step *= -1; // 步长取反
}
angle += step; // 更新旋转角度
}
```
这段代码通过改变旋转角度和步长,控制伺服电机的旋转。当旋转到达极限时,步长方向取反,实现来回旋转的效果。同时,为了保证旋转平稳,添加了延时等待。
相关问题
uint8_t *audio_buffer = (uint8_t *)calloc(1, AUDIO_BUFFER_SIZE); assert(audio_buffer); size_t r_bytes = 0; size_t w_bytes = 0; FILE *f_read_audio = fopen("/sdcard/wav/bell/CueTone.WAV", "r"); if (f_read_audio == NULL) { ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Failed to open file"); } else { while (1) { r_bytes = fread(audio_buffer, 1, AUDIO_BUFFER_SIZE, f_read_audio); if (r_bytes == 0) { ESP_LOGI(TAG, "i2s_task will delete"); break; } ESP_LOGI(TAG, ":read %s bytes\n", audio_buffer); /* Write i2s data */ if (i2s_channel_write(tx_chan, audio_buffer, AUDIO_BUFFER_SIZE, &w_bytes, portMAX_DELAY) == ESP_OK) { ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Write Task: i2s write %d bytes\n", w_bytes); } else { ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Write Task: i2s write failed\n"); } } }更改成输出不失真的程序
要输出不失真的程序,需要对几个方面进行改进:
1. 读取音频文件的方式:使用二进制方式读取音频文件,而不是以文本方式读取。
2. 内存分配:为避免内存分配失败,可以提前分配好足够的内存,而不是每次都动态分配。
3. I2S写入数据:写入I2S数据时,需要将数据按照采样位宽进行字节对齐,同时需要保证写入的数据长度是采样位宽的整数倍。
改进后的代码如下:
```
#define AUDIO_BUFFER_SIZE 4096
uint8_t audio_buffer[AUDIO_BUFFER_SIZE];
FILE *f_read_audio = fopen("/sdcard/wav/bell/CueTone.WAV", "rb");
if (f_read_audio == NULL) {
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Failed to open file");
} else {
// 分配足够的内存
uint8_t *buffer = (uint8_t *)malloc(AUDIO_BUFFER_SIZE);
if (buffer == NULL) {
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Failed to allocate memory");
return;
}
size_t w_bytes = 0;
while (1) {
size_t r_bytes = fread(buffer, 1, AUDIO_BUFFER_SIZE, f_read_audio);
if (r_bytes == 0) {
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "i2s_task will delete");
break;
}
// 将数据按照采样位宽进行字节对齐
for (int i = 0; i < r_bytes; i += 2) {
audio_buffer[i] = buffer[i + 1];
audio_buffer[i + 1] = buffer[i];
}
// 写入I2S数据
if (i2s_channel_write(tx_chan, audio_buffer, r_bytes, &w_bytes, portMAX_DELAY) == ESP_OK) {
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Write Task: i2s write %d bytes\n", w_bytes);
} else {
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Write Task: i2s write failed\n");
}
}
free(buffer);
}
```
这样就可以输出不失真的音频数据了。
优化这段代码uint8_t *audio_buffer = (uint8_t *)calloc(1, AUDIO_BUFFER_SIZE); assert(audio_buffer); size_t r_bytes = 0; size_t w_bytes = 0; uint8_t volume = 1; FILE *f_read_audio = fopen("/sdcard/wav/bell/CueTone.WAV", "rb"); if (f_read_audio == NULL) { ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Failed to open file"); } else { while (1) { r_bytes = fread(audio_buffer, 1, AUDIO_BUFFER_SIZE, f_read_audio); if (r_bytes == 0) { ESP_LOGI(TAG, "i2s_task will delete"); break; } ESP_LOGI(TAG, ":read %s bytes\n", audio_buffer); // 调整音量大小 int16_t *pcmdata = (int16_t *)audio_buffer; for (int i = 0; i < r_bytes / 2; i++) { int32_t temp = (int32_t)(*pcmdata); temp = temp * volume; temp = temp / 10; *pcmdata = (int16_t)temp; pcmdata++; } // for (int i = 0; i < r_bytes; i += 2) // { // audio_buffer[i] = audio_buffer[i + 1]; // audio_buffer[i + 1] = audio_buffer[i]; // } /* Write i2s data */ if (i2s_channel_write(tx_chan, audio_buffer, AUDIO_BUFFER_SIZE, &w_bytes, portMAX_DELAY) == ESP_OK) { ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Write Task: i2s write %d bytes\n", w_bytes); } else { ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Write Task: i2s write failed\n"); } } }
这段代码需要做以下优化:
1. 避免使用动态内存分配函数 calloc,因为它会频繁调用 malloc 和 free 函数,影响性能,可以使用静态分配的数组代替。
2. 避免在循环中频繁调用 fread 函数,可以将文件读取到缓存中,然后再从缓存中读取数据。
3. 避免在循环中频繁调用 i2s_channel_write 函数,可以将数据写入缓存中,然后再从缓存中写入 i2s 通道。
4. 调整音量大小时可以使用移位运算代替除法运算,提高性能。
下面是优化后的代码:
```c
#define AUDIO_BUFFER_SIZE 2048
uint8_t audio_buffer[AUDIO_BUFFER_SIZE];
size_t r_bytes = 0;
size_t w_bytes = 0;
uint8_t volume = 10;
FILE *f_read_audio = fopen("/sdcard/wav/bell/CueTone.WAV", "rb");
if (f_read_audio == NULL)
{
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Failed to open file");
}
else
{
// 读取整个文件到缓存中
fseek(f_read_audio, 0, SEEK_END);
size_t file_size = ftell(f_read_audio);
fseek(f_read_audio, 0, SEEK_SET);
size_t read_size = fread(audio_buffer, 1, file_size, f_read_audio);
fclose(f_read_audio);
int16_t *pcmdata = (int16_t *)audio_buffer;
for (int i = 0; i < read_size / 2; i++)
{
int32_t temp = (int32_t)(*pcmdata);
temp = (temp * volume) >> 3; // 移位运算代替除法运算
*pcmdata = (int16_t)temp;
pcmdata++;
}
// 将数据写入 i2s 缓存中
int offset = 0;
while (offset < read_size)
{
size_t write_size = MIN(read_size - offset, AUDIO_BUFFER_SIZE);
memcpy(audio_buffer, audio_buffer + offset, write_size);
if (i2s_channel_write(tx_chan, audio_buffer, write_size, &w_bytes, portMAX_DELAY) == ESP_OK)
{
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Write Task: i2s write %d bytes\n", w_bytes);
}
else
{
ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Write Task: i2s write failed\n");
}
offset += write_size;
}
}
```
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