pattern = r'<p style=.+?>(.+?)</p>' with open(rf'{child}\{title}.txt', 'w', encoding='utf8') as fp: for item in findall(pattern, content, S): item = sub(r'<.+?>| ', '', item).strip() if item: sentences.append(item) fp.write(item+'\n')解释
时间: 2024-01-22 08:01:38 浏览: 115
这段代码主要是用于从HTML文本中提取段落内容并写入文件。
具体解释如下:
1. `pattern = r'<p style=.+?>(.+?)</p>'`:定义正则表达式模式,用于匹配HTML文本中的段落。
2. `with open(rf'{child}\{title}.txt', 'w', encoding='utf8') as fp:`:打开一个文件,用于写入提取出来的段落内容。
3. `for item in findall(pattern, content, S):`:使用re模块的findall()函数,对HTML文本进行匹配,找出所有符合模式的段落。
4. `item = sub(r'<.+?>| ', '', item).strip()`:使用re模块的sub()函数,将段落中的HTML标签和" "字符替换为空字符串,然后使用strip()函数去除段落两端的空白字符。
5. `if item:`:判断段落内容是否为空,如果不为空,则将其加入一个列表sentences中,并将其写入文件中。
整段代码的作用是:从HTML文本中提取出所有的段落内容,并将其写入一个文本文件中,这样可以方便后续的处理和分析。
相关问题
注释以下代码from re import findall from urllib.parse import urljoin from urllib.request import urlopen, Request url = r'http://jwc.sdtbu.edu.cn/info/2002/5418.htm' headers = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/62.0.3202.62 Safari/537.36', 'Referer': url, } # 不加这一项会有防盗链提示 req = Request(url=url, headers=headers) with urlopen(req) as fp: content = fp.read().decode() pattern = r'<a href="(.+?)"><span>(.+?)</span>' for fileUrl, fileName in findall(pattern, content): if 'javascript' in fileUrl: continue fileUrl = urljoin(url, fileUrl) req = Request(url=fileUrl, headers=headers) with urlopen(req) as fp1: with open(fileName, 'wb') as fp2: fp2.write(fp1.read())
以下是对代码的注释:
```python
# 导入所需的模块
from re import findall
from urllib.parse import urljoin
from urllib.request import urlopen, Request
# 要爬取的网页地址
url = r'http://jwc.sdtbu.edu.cn/info/2002/5418.htm'
# 设置请求头,模拟浏览器访问,避免反爬虫机制
headers = {
'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/62.0.3202.62 Safari/537.36',
'Referer': url, # 不加这一项会有防盗链提示
}
# 构造请求对象
req = Request(url=url, headers=headers)
# 发送请求,获取网页内容
with urlopen(req) as fp:
content = fp.read().decode()
# 匹配网页中的文件链接和文件名
pattern = r'<a href="(.+?)"><span>(.+?)</span>'
for fileUrl, fileName in findall(pattern, content):
# 排除非文件链接(如javascript链接)
if 'javascript' in fileUrl:
continue
# 拼接文件链接的完整地址
fileUrl = urljoin(url, fileUrl)
# 构造请求对象
req = Request(url=fileUrl, headers=headers)
# 发送请求,获取文件内容,并保存到本地
with urlopen(req) as fp1:
with open(fileName, 'wb') as fp2:
fp2.write(fp1.read())
```
代码的作用是从指定网页中爬取文件链接,并将文件下载到本地。其中,使用了正则表达式对网页内容进行匹配,并使用 urllib 库发送请求和获取响应。在请求头中设置了 User-Agent 和 Referer 字段,模拟浏览器访问,避免被反爬虫机制拦截。
#使用正则表达式从网页内容中提取出需要的数据 import re pattern = r'<div>(.*?)</div>' # 匹配<h1>标签中的内容 title = re.findall(pattern, html)[0] # 提取出第一个匹配结果报错IndexError: list index out of range
这个报错通常是由于 re.findall() 方法没有匹配到任何结果导致的。在您的代码中,您使用正则表达式 pattern 匹配的是 `<div>` 标签中的内容,但是如果网页中没有任何符合这个模式的内容,那么 re.findall() 方法将返回一个空的列表,因此在尝试访问第一个匹配结果时,就会抛出 IndexError 异常。
为了避免这个问题,您可以先检查 re.findall() 返回的列表是否为空,例如:
```
import re
pattern = r'<div>(.*?)</div>'
matches = re.findall(pattern, html)
if matches:
title = matches[0]
else:
title = None # 或者抛出异常,或者返回默认值等等
```
这样,如果没有找到匹配的内容,就不会尝试访问空列表的第一个元素,而是执行 else 分支中的代码。
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