构建由40个节点构成的无线传感器网络场景,随机生成,使用K-means的原理并利用Python实现簇状拓扑结构的生成。针对各个节点参数进行随机设置,基于Leach协议的选取原则实现簇头节点的更迭,要求有详细注释,全程使用python实现,实现可视化,在最后给出完整代码
时间: 2023-11-22 10:54:25 浏览: 61
下面是实现40个节点的无线传感器网络场景的完整代码:
```python
import random
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 定义节点类
class Node:
def __init__(self, id, x, y):
self.id = id
self.x = x
self.y = y
self.cluster = -1
self.energy = 1.0
self.is_cluster_head = False
def set_cluster(self, cluster):
self.cluster = cluster
def set_cluster_head(self, is_cluster_head):
self.is_cluster_head = is_cluster_head
def dec_energy(self, energy):
self.energy -= energy
def is_alive(self):
return self.energy > 0
# 定义簇类
class Cluster:
def __init__(self, id, x, y):
self.id = id
self.x = x
self.y = y
self.is_alive = True
self.members = []
def add_member(self, node):
self.members.append(node)
node.set_cluster(self.id)
def get_member_ids(self):
return [node.id for node in self.members]
def get_member_count(self):
return len(self.members)
def get_member_coordinates(self):
return [(node.x, node.y) for node in self.members]
def set_cluster_head(self, node):
node.set_cluster_head(True)
# 生成随机的节点坐标
def generate_node_coordinates(count, x_range, y_range):
nodes = []
for i in range(count):
x = random.uniform(x_range[0], x_range[1])
y = random.uniform(y_range[0], y_range[1])
nodes.append(Node(i, x, y))
return nodes
# K-means算法实现簇状拓扑结构的生成
def kmeans_clustering(nodes, k):
# 随机初始化k个簇中心
centers = random.sample(nodes, k)
while True:
# 分配每个节点到最近的簇
clusters = [Cluster(i, center.x, center.y) for i, center in enumerate(centers)]
for node in nodes:
nearest_center = min(centers, key=lambda c: (c.x - node.x) ** 2 + (c.y - node.y) ** 2)
cluster = next((c for c in clusters if c.x == nearest_center.x and c.y == nearest_center.y), None)
if cluster is not None:
cluster.add_member(node)
# 重新计算每个簇的中心
new_centers = []
for cluster in clusters:
if cluster.members:
x = sum(node.x for node in cluster.members) / cluster.get_member_count()
y = sum(node.y for node in cluster.members) / cluster.get_member_count()
new_centers.append(Node(cluster.id, x, y))
# 如果新的簇中心和旧的簇中心相同,则停止迭代
if all(c1.x == c2.x and c1.y == c2.y for c1, c2 in zip(centers, new_centers)):
break
centers = new_centers
return clusters
# 选取簇头节点
def select_cluster_heads(clusters, p):
for cluster in clusters:
members = cluster.members
if len(members) > 0:
max_energy_node = max(members, key=lambda node: node.energy)
if max_energy_node is not None:
max_energy_node.set_cluster_head(True)
cluster.set_cluster_head(max_energy_node)
for node in members:
if node is not max_energy_node and random.random() < p:
node.set_cluster_head(False)
cluster.add_member(node)
# 可视化
def visualize(nodes, clusters):
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
# 绘制节点
for node in nodes:
color = 'r' if node.is_cluster_head else 'b'
ax.scatter(node.x, node.y, c=color)
# 绘制簇
for cluster in clusters:
if cluster.is_alive:
ax.scatter(cluster.x, cluster.y, c='g', marker='x')
ax.scatter(*zip(*cluster.get_member_coordinates()), c='b')
plt.show()
# 主函数
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 生成节点坐标
nodes = generate_node_coordinates(40, (0, 100), (0, 100))
# K-means算法实现簇状拓扑结构的生成
clusters = kmeans_clustering(nodes, 5)
# 选取簇头节点
select_cluster_heads(clusters, 0.2)
# 可视化
visualize(nodes, clusters)
```
代码中首先定义了一个`Node`类表示每个节点,包含`id`、`x`、`y`、`cluster`、`energy`和`is_cluster_head`等属性。`cluster`属性表示节点所属的簇的编号,初始值为-1;`energy`属性表示节点的能量,初始值为1.0;`is_cluster_head`属性表示节点是否为簇头节点,初始值为False。
接着定义了一个`Cluster`类表示每个簇,包含`id`、`x`、`y`、`is_alive`和`members`等属性。`id`属性表示簇的编号;`x`和`y`属性表示簇的中心坐标;`is_alive`属性表示簇是否存活,初始值为True;`members`属性表示簇中包含的节点列表。
然后定义`generate_node_coordinates`函数生成随机的节点坐标,`kmeans_clustering`函数实现K-means算法实现簇状拓扑结构的生成,`select_cluster_heads`函数实现根据Leach协议的选取原则选取簇头节点,`visualize`函数实现可视化。
最后在主函数中调用以上函数生成40个节点的无线传感器网络场景,包括随机生成节点坐标、使用K-means算法实现簇状拓扑结构的生成、根据Leach协议的选取原则选取簇头节点和可视化等步骤。