C++ RS232串口通信 完整代码

在C++中使用RS232串口通信通常需要包含相关的硬件支持库，如Windows API（对于Windows系统）或Linux的`termios.h`（对于Unix-like系统）。这里是一个简化的示例代码片段，展示了如何在Windows上使用WinAPI进行串口读写操作：

#include <windows.h>
#include <string>

// 常量定义串口参数
const char* SERIAL_PORT = "COM1"; // 指定串口号
const int BAUD_RATE = 9600;
const unsigned char RX_BUFFER_SIZE = 256;

class SerialPort {
public:
    SerialPort() {
        hCom = CreateFile(SERIAL_PORT, GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
            0, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
        if (hCom == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
            std::cerr << "Failed to open serial port." << std::endl;
            return;
        }
        SetupComm(hCom, COMMTIMEOUTS);
        DCB dcbSerialParams;
        GetCommState(hCom, &dcbSerialParams);
        dcbSerialParams.BaudRate = BAUD_RATE;
        dcbSerialParams.ByteSize = 8;
        dcbSerialParams.StopBits = ONESTOPBIT;
        dcbSerialParams.Parity = NOPARITY;
        SetCommState(hCom, &dcbSerialParams);
    }

    ~SerialPort() {
        CloseHandle(hCom);
    }

    void Write(const std::string& message) {
        DWORD bytesWritten;
        SendCommBreak(hCom, 0); // 发送中断
        WriteFile(hCom, message.c_str(), message.size(), &bytesWritten, NULL);
        ClearCommBreak(hCom);
    }

    std::string ReadLine() {
        char buffer[RX_BUFFER_SIZE];
        DWORD bytesRead;
        ZeroMemory(buffer, RX_BUFFER_SIZE);
        DWORD timeout = INFINITE;
        bool success = ReadFile(hCom, buffer, sizeof(buffer), &bytesRead, &timeout) != FALSE;
        while (!success && GetLastError() == ERROR_IO_PENDING) {
            Sleep(100);
            success = ReadFile(hCom, buffer + bytesRead, sizeof(buffer) - bytesRead, &bytesRead, &timeout) != FALSE;
        }
        buffer[bytesRead] = '\0'; // 结束字符串
        return buffer;
    }

private:
    HANDLE hCom;
};

int main() {
    SerialPort sp;
    sp.Write("Hello, Serial Port!");
    std::string response = sp.ReadLine();
    std::cout << "Received: " << response << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

这个代码示例创建了一个名为`SerialPort`的类，包含了打开、关闭串口以及发送数据和接收数据的方法。请注意，这只是一个基础版示例，实际应用中可能需要处理异常、错误检查以及更复杂的通信协议。