C++ Windows API RS232串口通信 完整代码

C++通过Windows API可以实现RS232串口通信，这是一种常见的串行通信方式，特别是在旧式硬件设备上。以下是一个简单的示例，展示了如何打开串口、设置参数以及发送和接收数据：

#include <windows.h>
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <Commctrl.h>

// 串口常量定义
const char* portName = "COM1"; // 指定串口号，如COM1, COM2等
const DWORD baudRate = CBR_9600; // 波特率，例如9600bps
const DWORD dataBits = DATABITS_8; // 数据位数，8位
const DWORD stopBits = STOPBITS_1; // 停止位数，1位
const DWORD parity = NOPARITY; // 校验位，无校验

void setupSerial()
{
    WSADATA wsaData;
    if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData) != 0)
    {
        std::cerr << "Failed to initialize Winsock" << std::endl;
        return;
    }

    DCB serialConfig;
    HANDLE hComPort = CreateFile(portName, GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL,
        OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
    if (hComPort == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
    {
        std::cerr << "Failed to open the serial port" << std::endl;
        WSACleanup();
        return;
    }

    memset(&serialConfig, 0, sizeof(DCB));
    GetCommState(hComPort, &serialConfig);
    serialConfig.BaudRate = baudRate;
    serialConfig.ByteSize = dataBits;
    serialConfig.StopBits = stopBits;
    serialConfig.Parity = parity;

    if (!SetCommState(hComPort, &serialConfig))
    {
        std::cerr << "Failed to set serial port configuration" << std::endl;
        CloseHandle(hComPort);
        WSACleanup();
        return;
    }
}

void sendData(char* message)
{
    DWORD bytesSent = 0;
    WriteFile(hComPort, message, strlen(message) + 1, &bytesSent, NULL);
    if (bytesSent <= 0)
    {
        std::cerr << "Failed to send data" << std::endl;
    }
}

void receiveData(char* buffer, DWORD maxLength)
{
    DWORD bytesRead = 0;
    ReadFile(hComPort, buffer, maxLength, &bytesRead, NULL);
    if (bytesRead > 0)
    {
        buffer[bytesRead] = '\0'; // Add null terminator for processed string
        std::cout << "Received: " << buffer << std::endl;
    }
    else
    {
        std::cerr << "No data received" << std::endl;
    }
}

int main()
{
    setupSerial();

    // 发送数据示例
    char transmitMessage[] = "Hello from C++!";
    sendData(transmitMessage);

    // 接收数据并处理
    char receiveBuffer[256];
    receiveData(receiveBuffer, sizeof(receiveBuffer));

    CloseHandle(hComPort); // 关闭串口连接
    WSACleanup(); // 清理Winsock库

    return 0;
}

请注意，这只是一个基本示例，实际应用中可能需要添加错误处理和其他功能，比如超时设置和异常处理。