太阳时角、太阳高度角、天顶角、太阳方位角和剖面角计算的python程序

以下是一个基于Python的太阳位置计算程序，可以计算太阳时角、太阳高度角、天顶角、太阳方位角和剖面角：

import math
import datetime

# 计算儒略日
def julian_day(year, month, day, hour, minute, second):
    if month <= 2:
        year -= 1
        month += 12
    a = year // 100
    b = 2 - a + a // 4
    jd = math.floor(365.25 * (year + 4716)) + math.floor(30.6001 * (month + 1)) + day + b - 1524.5
    jd += (hour - 12) / 24 + minute / 1440 + second / 86400
    return jd

# 计算黄赤交角
def obliquity(jd):
    T = (jd - 2451545) / 36525
    epsilon = 23.43929111 - (46.815 * T + 0.00059 * T ** 2 - 0.001813 * T ** 3) / 3600
    return math.radians(epsilon)

# 计算地球公转角速度
def earth_rotation_angle(jd):
    d = jd - 2451545
    theta = 2 * math.pi * (0.779057273264 + 1.00273781191135448 * d)
    return theta % (2 * math.pi)

# 计算太阳赤纬
def solar_declination(jd):
    T = (jd - 2451545) / 36525
    epsilon = obliquity(jd)
    delta = math.asin(math.sin(epsilon) * math.sin(earth_rotation_angle(jd)))
    return delta

# 计算太阳时角
def solar_hour_angle(jd, longitude, timezone):
    delta = solar_declination(jd)
    T = (jd - 2451545) / 36525
    theta = earth_rotation_angle(jd)
    term1 = math.sin(math.radians(-0.83)) - math.sin(math.radians(latitude)) * math.sin(delta)
    term2 = math.cos(math.radians(latitude)) * math.cos(delta)
    omega_s = math.degrees(math.acos(term1 / term2))
    if math.isnan(omega_s):
        omega_s = 0
    if theta > math.pi:
        omega_s = -omega_s
    LST = 15 * (12 + timezone + longitude / 15 + (theta - math.radians(longitude)) / (2 * math.pi))
    return LST - omega_s / 15

# 计算太阳高度角
def solar_altitude(jd, latitude, longitude, timezone):
    delta = solar_declination(jd)
    omega = solar_hour_angle(jd, longitude, timezone)
    altitude = math.asin(math.sin(latitude) * math.sin(delta) + math.cos(latitude) * math.cos(delta) * math.cos(math.radians(omega)))
    return altitude

# 计算天顶角
def zenith_angle(jd, latitude, longitude, timezone):
    delta = solar_declination(jd)
    omega = solar_hour_angle(jd, longitude, timezone)
    altitude = solar_altitude(jd, latitude, longitude, timezone)
    cos_theta_z = math.sin(latitude) * math.sin(delta) + math.cos(latitude) * math.cos(delta) * math.cos(math.radians(omega))
    theta_z = math.acos(cos_theta_z)
    return theta_z

# 计算太阳方位角
def azimuth_angle(jd, latitude, longitude, timezone):
    delta = solar_declination(jd)
    omega = solar_hour_angle(jd, longitude, timezone)
    altitude = solar_altitude(jd, latitude, longitude, timezone)
    cos_theta_a = (math.sin(altitude) * math.sin(latitude) - math.sin(delta)) / (math.cos(altitude) * math.cos(latitude))
    if math.isnan(cos_theta_a):
        cos_theta_a = 0
    if math.sin(omega) > 0:
        theta_a = math.acos(cos_theta_a)
    else:
        theta_a = 2 * math.pi - math.acos(cos_theta_a)
    return theta_a

# 计算剖面角
def profile_angle(jd, latitude, longitude, timezone, object_altitude, object_azimuth):
    delta = solar_declination(jd)
    omega = solar_hour_angle(jd, longitude, timezone)
    altitude = solar_altitude(jd, latitude, longitude, timezone)
    cos_theta_p = math.cos(object_altitude) * math.cos(altitude) + math.sin(object_altitude) * math.sin(altitude) * math.cos(object_azimuth - azimuth_angle(jd, latitude, longitude, timezone))
    theta_p = math.acos(cos_theta_p)
    return theta_p

# 示例
latitude = math.radians(39.9)
longitude = math.radians(116.4)
timezone = 8
year = 2021
month = 6
day = 21
hour = 12
minute = 0
second = 0

jd = julian_day(year, month, day, hour, minute, second)
delta = solar_declination(jd)
omega = solar_hour_angle(jd, longitude, timezone)
altitude = solar_altitude(jd, latitude, longitude, timezone)
theta_z = zenith_angle(jd, latitude, longitude, timezone)
theta_a = azimuth_angle(jd, latitude, longitude, timezone)
theta_p = profile_angle(jd, latitude, longitude, timezone, altitude, theta_a)

print("太阳时角:", omega)
print("太阳高度角:", altitude)
print("天顶角:", theta_z)
print("太阳方位角:", theta_a)
print("剖面角:", theta_p)

在示例中，我们假设纬度为39.9度，经度为116.4度，时区为东八区，日期为2021年6月21日中午12点，计算太阳时角、太阳高度角、天顶角、太阳方位角和剖面角。你可以根据自己的需要修改这些参数。