stm32单片机iic程序读写，串口输出，hal库开发

下面是一个基于STM32 HAL库的I2C程序示例，用于从I2C设备读取数据并通过串口输出：

#include "stm32f1xx_hal.h"
#include "stdio.h"

#define I2C_SPEED         100000
#define I2C_SLAVE_ADDRESS 0xA0
#define UART_TX_PIN       GPIO_PIN_9
#define UART_RX_PIN       GPIO_PIN_10

I2C_HandleTypeDef hi2c1;
UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;

void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
static void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void);
static void MX_I2C1_Init(void);
void HAL_UART_MspInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* huart);
void HAL_UART_MspDeInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* huart);

int main(void)
{
  uint8_t data;
  char msg[50];

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* Initialize GPIO and UART */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();

  /* Initialize I2C */
  MX_I2C1_Init();

  /* Read data from I2C device */
  data = HAL_I2C_Mem_Read(&hi2c1, I2C_SLAVE_ADDRESS, 0x00, 1, 100);

  /* Print data to UART */
  sprintf(msg, "Data read from I2C device: %d\r\n", data);
  HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t*)msg, strlen(msg), HAL_MAX_DELAY);

  while(1);
}

void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct;
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct;

  /**Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks 
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  /**Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks 
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSI;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

static void MX_I2C1_Init(void)
{
  hi2c1.Instance = I2C1;
  hi2c1.Init.ClockSpeed = I2C_SPEED;
  hi2c1.Init.DutyCycle = I2C_DUTYCYCLE_2;
  hi2c1.Init.OwnAddress1 = I2C_SLAVE_ADDRESS;
  hi2c1.Init.AddressingMode = I2C_ADDRESSINGMODE_7BIT;
  hi2c1.Init.DualAddressMode = I2C_DUALADDRESS_DISABLE;
  hi2c1.Init.OwnAddress2 = 0;
  hi2c1.Init.GeneralCallMode = I2C_GENERALCALL_DISABLE;
  hi2c1.Init.NoStretchMode = I2C_NOSTRETCH_DISABLE;
  if (HAL_I2C_Init(&hi2c1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

static void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void)
{
  huart1.Instance = USART1;
  huart1.Init.BaudRate = 115200;
  huart1.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
  huart1.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
  huart1.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
  huart1.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
  huart1.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
  huart1.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
  if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

void HAL_UART_MspInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* huart)
{
  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
  if(huart->Instance==USART1)
  {
    /* Peripheral clock enable */
    __HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_ENABLE();

    __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
    /**USART1 GPIO Configuration    
    PA9     ------> USART1_TX
    PA10     ------> USART1_RX 
    */
    GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = UART_TX_PIN|UART_RX_PIN;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
    GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;
    HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
  }
}

void HAL_UART_MspDeInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* huart)
{
  if(huart->Instance==USART1)
  {
    /* Peripheral clock disable */
    __HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_DISABLE();

    /**USART1 GPIO Configuration    
    PA9     ------> USART1_TX
    PA10     ------> USART1_RX 
    */
    HAL_GPIO_DeInit(GPIOA, UART_TX_PIN|UART_RX_PIN);
  }
}

void Error_Handler(void)
{
  while(1);
}

在该程序中，使用了HAL库的I2C和UART库函数。在主函数中，首先初始化系统时钟、GPIO、UART和I2C，然后调用HAL_I2C_Mem_Read()函数从I2C设备读取数据。最后，使用sprintf()函数将数据格式化为字符串，并通过HAL_UART_Transmit()函数发送到UART端口。

需要注意的是，在使用HAL库时，需要在CubeMX中配置好对应的引脚和外设，并生成相应的代码。