C++ 设计人员类Person和日期类date，人员类派生出学生类Student和教师类Teacher。 教师类包含姓名、生日、ID、专业、所属机构 学生类包含姓名、ID、成绩、生日 教师类与学生类的数据成员birthday (生日)为日期类的对象 文字说明创建学生类对象时，构造函数的调用顺序，以及程序运行结束时析构函数的调用顺序。 运行结果： Name:kxiong Birthday :1976-05-27 Student ID:2023007 Student Score:92 The basic information: 2023007 kxiong 92 1976-05-27 Name:xsong Birthday:1998-01-07 Teacher ID:20210058 Teaching Major:Computer Science Affiliation:CTBU The basic information: 20210058 xsong 1976-05-27 Computer Science CTBU

以下是C++代码实现：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class Date {
public:
    Date(int y = 2000, int m = 1, int d = 1) {
        year = y;
        month = m;
        day = d;
    }
    void showDate() {
        cout << year << "-" << month << "-" << day;
    }
private:
    int year;
    int month;
    int day;
};

class Person {
public:
    Person(string n = "unknown", Date b = Date()) {
        name = n;
        birthday = b;
    }
    virtual ~Person() {}
    void showInfo() {
        cout << "Name:" << name << endl;
        cout << "Birthday:";
        birthday.showDate();
        cout << endl;
    }
private:
    string name;
    Date birthday;
};

class Student : public Person {
public:
    Student(string n = "unknown", int id = 0, int s = 0, Date b = Date()) : Person(n, b) {
        studentID = id;
        score = s;
    }
    ~Student() {
        cout << "destructing a student object" << endl;
    }
    void showInfo() {
        cout << "Student ID:" << studentID << endl;
        cout << "Student Score:" << score << endl;
        Person::showInfo();
    }
private:
    int studentID;
    int score;
};

class Teacher : public Person {
public:
    Teacher(string n = "unknown", int id = 0, string m = "unknown", string a = "unknown", Date b = Date()) : Person(n, b) {
        teacherID = id;
        major = m;
        affiliation = a;
    }
    ~Teacher() {
        cout << "destructing a teacher object" << endl;
    }
    void showInfo() {
        cout << "Teacher ID:" << teacherID << endl;
        cout << "Teaching Major:" << major << endl;
        cout << "Affiliation:" << affiliation << endl;
        Person::showInfo();
    }
private:
    int teacherID;
    string major;
    string affiliation;
};

int main() {
    Student s("kxiong", 2023007, 92, Date(1976, 5, 27));
    Teacher t("xsong", 20210058, "Computer Science", "CTBU", Date(1998, 1, 7));
    s.showInfo();
    cout << "The basic information: ";
    cout << s.showInfo() << endl;
    t.showInfo();
    cout << "The basic information: ";
    cout << t.showInfo() << endl;
    return 0;
}

在创建学生类对象时，首先会调用基类`Person`的构造函数，然后调用派生类`Student`的构造函数，故构造函数的调用顺序为：`Person`构造函数 -> `Student`构造函数。

在程序运行结束时，首先会调用派生类`Teacher`的析构函数，然后调用基类`Person`的析构函数，故析构函数的调用顺序为：`Teacher`析构函数 -> `Person`析构函数。同时，在销毁学生类对象时，也会调用基类`Person`的析构函数。