python爬虫urllib设置代理proxy

您可以使用urllib库设置代理proxy来进行Python爬虫。以下是一个示例：

import urllib.request

# 设置代理
proxy_handler = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({'http': 'http://proxy_ip:port', 'https': 'http://proxy_ip:port'})
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_handler)
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)

# 使用代理进行请求
response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.example.com')
print(response.read())

在上述示例中，您需要将`proxy_ip`和`port`替换为实际的代理服务器IP地址和端口号。这样，使用`urlopen`函数进行HTTP请求时，就会通过设置的代理进行访问。

请注意，如果您的代理服务器需要验证身份（用户名和密码），可以使用`ProxyBasicAuthHandler`来设置代理验证信息。您还可以根据需要进行其他高级配置，例如设置请求头、超时时间等。

相关问题

python爬虫urllib设置代理proxy时，报错需要代理身份验证

如果您的代理服务器需要身份验证，您可以使用`ProxyHandler`和`HTTPBasicAuthHandler`来设置代理验证信息。以下是一个示例：

import urllib.request
from urllib.error import URLError

# 设置代理
proxy_ip = 'proxy_ip'
proxy_port = 'port'
proxy_user = 'username'
proxy_password = 'password'

proxy_handler = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({'http': f'http://{proxy_user}:{proxy_password}@{proxy_ip}:{proxy_port}',
                                             'https': f'http://{proxy_user}:{proxy_password}@{proxy_ip}:{proxy_port}'})
auth_handler = urllib.request.HTTPBasicAuthHandler()
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_handler, auth_handler)
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)

# 使用代理进行请求
try:
    response = urllib.request.urlopen('http://www.example.com')
    print(response.read())
except URLError as e:
    print(e)

请将`proxy_ip`、`port`、`username`和`password`替换为实际的代理服务器IP地址、端口号、用户名和密码。这样，使用带有身份验证的代理进行HTTP请求时，就会通过设置的代理进行访问。

请注意，这里使用了`HTTPBasicAuthHandler`来处理基本的身份验证。如果您的代理服务器使用其他类型的身份验证（如Digest认证），您需要相应地选择适当的身份验证处理程序。

python爬虫报错urllib.error.HTTPError: HTTP Error 420:

HTTP Error 420 means that the request has been refused due to too many requests or the rate limit has been exceeded. This error is commonly seen when web scraping or crawling websites without proper throttling or delay between requests.

To fix this error, you can try the following:

1. Add a delay between requests: You can add a delay of a few seconds between requests to avoid making too many requests in a short period of time.

2. Use a proxy: You can use a proxy server to make your requests appear as if they are coming from a different IP address, which can help you bypass rate limits.

3. Contact the website owner: If you are getting this error repeatedly, you can try contacting the website owner to see if they can increase the rate limit for your account.

4. Reduce the number of requests: If none of the above solutions work, you can try reducing the number of requests you make to the website. This may mean limiting the number of pages you scrape or only scraping the website at certain times of day.