用C语言代码设计一个学生成绩查询统计系统，有以下要求: (1)分析数据的逻辑结构 (2)选择并设计数据的存储结构 (3)输入学生成绩的数据信息 (4)输出全体或根据条件选取部分学生成绩的数据信息 (5)根据学生姓名对数据进行字典排序并输出 (6)根据成绩对数据进行由高到低排序并输出 (7)根据学号或姓名查找学生成绩信息并输出 (8)统计及格、中、良、优秀和不及格学生人数及其所占比例并输出

以下是一个基本的学生成绩查询统计系统的C语言实现，符合题目要求：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#define MAX_NAME_LEN 20
#define MAX_NUM_STUDENTS 100

typedef struct {
    char name[MAX_NAME_LEN];
    int id;
    int grade;
} Student;

typedef struct {
    Student students[MAX_NUM_STUDENTS];
    int num_students;
} GradeBook;

void add_student(GradeBook *book, char *name, int id, int grade) {
    if (book->num_students >= MAX_NUM_STUDENTS) {
        printf("Error: grade book is full\n");
        return;
    }
    Student *new_student = &(book->students[book->num_students]);
    strcpy(new_student->name, name);
    new_student->id = id;
    new_student->grade = grade;
    book->num_students++;
}

void print_student(Student *student) {
    printf("Name: %s, ID: %d, Grade: %d\n", student->name, student->id, student->grade);
}

void print_gradebook(GradeBook *book) {
    printf("Gradebook:\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < book->num_students; i++) {
        print_student(&(book->students[i]));
    }
}

void sort_by_name(GradeBook *book) {
    for (int i = 0; i < book->num_students; i++) {
        for (int j = i+1; j < book->num_students; j++) {
            Student *s1 = &(book->students[i]);
            Student *s2 = &(book->students[j]);
            if (strcmp(s1->name, s2->name) > 0) {
                Student temp = *s1;
                *s1 = *s2;
                *s2 = temp;
            }
        }
    }
}

void sort_by_grade(GradeBook *book) {
    for (int i = 0; i < book->num_students; i++) {
        for (int j = i+1; j < book->num_students; j++) {
            Student *s1 = &(book->students[i]);
            Student *s2 = &(book->students[j]);
            if (s1->grade < s2->grade) {
                Student temp = *s1;
                *s1 = *s2;
                *s2 = temp;
            }
        }
    }
}

void search_by_name(GradeBook *book, char *name) {
    for (int i = 0; i < book->num_students; i++) {
        Student *s = &(book->students[i]);
        if (strcmp(s->name, name) == 0) {
            print_student(s);
            return;
        }
    }
    printf("Error: student not found\n");
}

void search_by_id(GradeBook *book, int id) {
    for (int i = 0; i < book->num_students; i++) {
        Student *s = &(book->students[i]);
        if (s->id == id) {
            print_student(s);
            return;
        }
    }
    printf("Error: student not found\n");
}

void print_stats(GradeBook *book) {
    int num_pass = 0, num_fail = 0, num_good = 0, num_very_good = 0, num_excellent = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < book->num_students; i++) {
        int grade = book->students[i].grade;
        if (grade >= 60) {
            num_pass++;
            if (grade >= 70) {
                num_good++;
                if (grade >= 80) {
                    num_very_good++;
                    if (grade >= 90) {
                        num_excellent++;
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            num_fail++;
        }
    }
    printf("Pass: %d (%.2f%%), Good: %d (%.2f%%), Very Good: %d (%.2f%%), Excellent: %d (%.2f%%), Fail: %d (%.2f%%)\n",
        num_pass, (float)num_pass/book->num_students * 100,
        num_good, (float)num_good/book->num_students * 100,
        num_very_good, (float)num_very_good/book->num_students * 100,
        num_excellent, (float)num_excellent/book->num_students * 100,
        num_fail, (float)num_fail/book->num_students * 100);
}

int main() {
    GradeBook book = {0};
    add_student(&book, "Alice", 123, 85);
    add_student(&book, "Bob", 456, 75);
    add_student(&book, "Charlie", 789, 92);
    add_student(&book, "David", 1011, 68);
    print_gradebook(&book);

    sort_by_name(&book);
    printf("Sorted by name:\n");
    print_gradebook(&book);

    sort_by_grade(&book);
    printf("Sorted by grade:\n");
    print_gradebook(&book);

    printf("Searching for 'Charlie':\n");
    search_by_name(&book, "Charlie");

    printf("Searching for ID 1011:\n");
    search_by_id(&book, 1011);

    printf("Statistics:\n");
    print_stats(&book);

    return 0;
}

这个程序使用了两个结构体来实现学生成绩查询统计系统，一个是学生的结构体 `Student`，包含学生姓名、学号和成绩。另一个是整个班级的结构体 `GradeBook`，包含学生数组和班级总人数。同时，我们定义了一些函数来实现不同的功能：

- `add_student`：添加一个新的学生到班级中
- `print_student`：打印一个学生的信息
- `print_gradebook`：打印整个班级的信息
- `sort_by_name`：按照学生姓名进行字典排序
- `sort_by_grade`：按照学生成绩进行由高到低排序
- `search_by_name`：根据学生姓名查找学生成绩信息
- `search_by_id`：根据学号查找学生成绩信息
- `print_stats`：统计及格、中、良、优秀和不及格学生人数及其所占比例并输出

在主函数中，我们首先创建了一个班级，并添加了一些学生。然后，我们按照姓名和成绩分别排序，并进行搜索和统计功能的演示。