编写stm32f103c8t6利用AD采集电压信号并通过串口输出的程序

以下是基于STM32CubeIDE的程序示例：

#include "main.h"
#include "stdio.h"

/* ADC handle */
ADC_HandleTypeDef hadc1;

/* UART handle */
UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;

/* Function prototypes */
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
static void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void);
static void MX_ADC1_Init(void);

int main(void)
{
  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();
  MX_ADC1_Init();

  /* Infinite loop */
  while (1)
  {
    /* Start ADC conversion */
    HAL_ADC_Start(&hadc1);

    /* Wait until ADC conversion is complete */
    HAL_ADC_PollForConversion(&hadc1, 100);

    /* Read ADC value */
    uint16_t adc_value = HAL_ADC_GetValue(&hadc1);

    /* Convert ADC value to voltage */
    float voltage = adc_value * 3.3f / 4096.0f;

    /* Print voltage value via UART */
    char buffer[32];
    sprintf(buffer, "Voltage: %.2fV\r\n", voltage);
    HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)buffer, strlen(buffer), HAL_MAX_DELAY);

    /* Delay before next conversion */
    HAL_Delay(1000);
  }
}

/* ADC1 Initialization Function */
static void MX_ADC1_Init(void)
{
  ADC_ChannelConfTypeDef sConfig = {0};

  /* Enable ADC clock */
  __HAL_RCC_ADC1_CLK_ENABLE();

  /* Configure ADC */
  hadc1.Instance = ADC1;
  hadc1.Init.ScanConvMode = DISABLE;
  hadc1.Init.ContinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
  hadc1.Init.DiscontinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
  hadc1.Init.ExternalTrigConv = ADC_SOFTWARE_START;
  hadc1.Init.DataAlign = ADC_DATAALIGN_RIGHT;
  hadc1.Init.NbrOfConversion = 1;
  if (HAL_ADC_Init(&hadc1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  /* Configure ADC channel */
  sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_0;
  sConfig.Rank = ADC_REGULAR_RANK_1;
  sConfig.SamplingTime = ADC_SAMPLETIME_13CYCLES_5;
  if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc1, &sConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/* USART1 Initialization Function */
static void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void)
{
  /* Enable UART clock */
  __HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_ENABLE();

  /* Configure UART */
  huart1.Instance = USART1;
  huart1.Init.BaudRate = 115200;
  huart1.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
  huart1.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
  huart1.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
  huart1.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
  huart1.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
  huart1.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
  if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/* GPIO Initialization Function */
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
  /* Enable GPIO clock */
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();

  /* Configure UART TX pin */
  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_9;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);

  /* Configure ADC input pin */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_0;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_ANALOG;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
}

/* System Clock Configuration */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                                | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1 | RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSI;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/* Error handler */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  while (1)
  {
  }
}

在这个程序示例中，我们使用了：

- ADC1模块，配置了ADC通道0以采集电压信号。
- USART1模块，用于串口输出电压值。
- GPIOA0作为ADC输入引脚，GPIOA9作为USART1的TX引脚。

在主函数中，我们采用了循环的方式，不断地采集电压值并通过串口输出。每次采集完成后，我们将ADC的值转换为电压值，并将其打印到串口上。注意，我们使用了HAL_Delay函数来控制每次采样之间的时间间隔。

需要注意的是，这个程序示例中并没有进行中断处理，因此采集速率可能会受到限制。如果需要更高的采样速率，建议使用中断方式进行ADC采样。