爬山法n皇后问题python
时间: 2023-12-04 17:42:01 浏览: 88
以下是使用爬山法解决n皇后问题的Python代码:
```python
import random
# 计算皇后冲突数
def conflict(state):
count = 0
for i in range(len(state)):
for j in range(i+1, len(state)):
if state[i] == state[j] or abs(state[i]-state[j]) == j-i:
count += 1
return count
# 爬山法求解n皇后问题
def hill_climbing(n):
# 随机初始化状态
state = [random.randint(0, n-1) for i in range(n)]
while True:
# 计算当前状态的冲突数
current_conflicts = conflict(state)
if current_conflicts == 0:
return state
# 找到相邻状态中冲突数最小的状态
next_state = None
next_conflicts = n*n
for i in range(n):
for j in range(n):
if state[i] != j:
new_state = list(state)
new_state[i] = j
new_conflicts = conflict(new_state)
if new_conflicts < next_conflicts:
next_state = new_state
next_conflicts = new_conflicts
# 如果相邻状态中没有比当前状态更好的状态,则返回当前状态
if next_conflicts >= current_conflicts:
return state
# 否则转移到相邻状态
state = next_state
# 测试
print(hill_climbing(8))
```
该代码使用了爬山法来求解n皇后问题。其中,`conflict`函数用于计算当前状态下皇后的冲突数,`hill_climbing`函数用于实现爬山法算法。在算法中,首先随机初始化一个状态,然后不断找到相邻状态中冲突数最小的状态,直到找到一个没有冲突的状态或者无法找到更好的状态为止。
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