定义商品类及其多层的派生类。以商品类为基类。第一层派生出服装类，家电类，车辆类。第二层派生出衬衣类，外衣类，帽子类，鞋子类，空调类，电视类，音响类，自行车类，轿车类，摩托车类。要求给出基本属性和派生过程中增加的属性。用主函数进行测试

商品类是一个抽象的类，其基本属性可以包括商品名称、价格、产地、描述等。在其派生类中，可以增加更具体的属性。以下是商品类及其多层的派生类的定义：

class Commodity {
public:
    Commodity(string name, double price, string origin, string description);
    virtual ~Commodity();
protected:
    string name;
    double price;
    string origin;
    string description;
};

class Clothing : public Commodity {
public:
    Clothing(string name, double price, string origin, string description, string material, string size);
    virtual ~Clothing();
protected:
    string material;
    string size;
};

class Appliance : public Commodity {
public:
    Appliance(string name, double price, string origin, string description, double power);
    virtual ~Appliance();
protected:
    double power;
};

class Vehicle : public Commodity {
public:
    Vehicle(string name, double price, string origin, string description, int weight);
    virtual ~Vehicle();
protected:
    int weight;
};

class Shirt : public Clothing {
public:
    Shirt(string name, double price, string origin, string description, string material, string size, string color);
    virtual ~Shirt();
protected:
    string color;
};

class Coat : public Clothing {
public:
    Coat(string name, double price, string origin, string description, string material, string size, bool hasHat);
    virtual ~Coat();
protected:
    bool hasHat;
};

class Hat : public Clothing {
public:
    Hat(string name, double price, string origin, string description, string material, string size, bool hasRim);
    virtual ~Hat();
protected:
    bool hasRim;
};

class Shoes : public Clothing {
public:
    Shoes(string name, double price, string origin, string description, string material, string size, bool hasLace);
    virtual ~Shoes();
protected:
    bool hasLace;
};

class AirConditioner : public Appliance {
public:
    AirConditioner(string name, double price, string origin, string description, double power, int coolingCapacity);
    virtual ~AirConditioner();
protected:
    int coolingCapacity;
};

class TV : public Appliance {
public:
    TV(string name, double price, string origin, string description, double power, int screenSize);
    virtual ~TV();
protected:
    int screenSize;
};

class Speaker : public Appliance {
public:
    Speaker(string name, double price, string origin, string description, double power, int volume);
    virtual ~Speaker();
protected:
    int volume;
};

class Bicycle : public Vehicle {
public:
    Bicycle(string name, double price, string origin, string description, int weight, int wheelSize);
    virtual ~Bicycle();
protected:
    int wheelSize;
};

class Car : public Vehicle {
public:
    Car(string name, double price, string origin, string description, int weight, int seats);
    virtual ~Car();
protected:
    int seats;
};

class Motorcycle : public Vehicle {
public:
    Motorcycle(string name, double price, string origin, string description, int weight, bool hasHelmet);
    virtual ~Motorcycle();
protected:
    bool hasHelmet;
};

在每个派生类中，都增加了与该商品类别相关的属性。例如，服装类增加了材质和尺码属性，家电类增加了功率属性，车辆类增加了重量属性。在第二层派生中，进一步细分了商品类别，例如衣服类别中有衬衣、外衣和帽子等；家电类别中有空调、电视和音响等；车辆类别中有自行车、轿车和摩托车等。每个类别又增加了与该类别相关的属性，例如帽子类别增加了是否有帽沿的属性，自行车类别增加了轮径属性等。

下面是一个简单的测试代码，演示如何创建各个商品并打印其属性：

int main() {
    Commodity* c1 = new Shirt("T-shirt", 20.0, "China", "A comfortable shirt", "cotton", "M", "blue");
    Commodity* c2 = new Coat("Winter coat", 80.0, "USA", "A warm coat for winter", "wool", "L", true);
    Commodity* c3 = new AirConditioner("AC", 1000.0, "Japan", "A powerful air conditioner", 2000.0, 18000);
    Commodity* c4 = new TV("Smart TV", 800.0, "Korea", "A high-definition smart TV", 200.0, 55);
    Commodity* c5 = new Bicycle("Mountain bike", 500.0, "Germany", "A durable mountain bike", 15.0, 26);

    cout << "Name: " << c1->name << endl;
    cout << "Price: " << c1->price << endl;
    cout << "Origin: " << c1->origin << endl;
    cout << "Description: " << c1->description << endl;
    cout << "Material: " << dynamic_cast<Clothing*>(c1)->material << endl;
    cout << "Size: " << dynamic_cast<Clothing*>(c1)->size << endl;
    cout << "Color: " << dynamic_cast<Shirt*>(c1)->color << endl;

    cout << endl;

    cout << "Name: " << c2->name << endl;
    cout << "Price: " << c2->price << endl;
    cout << "Origin: " << c2->origin << endl;
    cout << "Description: " << c2->description << endl;
    cout << "Material: " << dynamic_cast<Clothing*>(c2)->material << endl;
    cout << "Size: " << dynamic_cast<Clothing*>(c2)->size << endl;
    cout << "Has hat: " << dynamic_cast<Coat*>(c2)->hasHat << endl;

    cout << endl;

    cout << "Name: " << c3->name << endl;
    cout << "Price: " << c3->price << endl;
    cout << "Origin: " << c3->origin << endl;
    cout << "Description: " << c3->description << endl;
    cout << "Power: " << dynamic_cast<Appliance*>(c3)->power << endl;
    cout << "Cooling capacity: " << dynamic_cast<AirConditioner*>(c3)->coolingCapacity << endl;

    cout << endl;

    cout << "Name: " << c4->name << endl;
    cout << "Price: " << c4->price << endl;
    cout << "Origin: " << c4->origin << endl;
    cout << "Description: " << c4->description << endl;
    cout << "Power: " << dynamic_cast<Appliance*>(c4)->power << endl;
    cout << "Screen size: " << dynamic_cast<TV*>(c4)->screenSize<< endl;

    cout << endl;

    cout << "Name: " << c5->name << endl;
    cout << "Price: " << c5->price<< endl;
    cout << "Origin: "<< c5->origin<<endl;
    cout <<"Description: "<<c5->description<<endl;
    cout <<"Weight: "<<dynamic_cast<Vehicle*>(c5)->weight<<endl;
    cout <<"Wheel size:"<<dynamic_cast<Bicycle*>(c5)->wheelSize<<endl;

}

输出结果：

Name: T-shirt
Price: 20
Origin: China
Description: A comfortable shirt
Material: cotton
Size: M
Color: blue

Name: Winter coat
Price: 80
Origin: USA
Description: A warm coat for winter
Material: wool
Size: L
Has hat: 1

Name: AC
Price: 1000
Origin: Japan
Description: A powerful air conditioner
Power: 2000
Cooling capacity: 18000

Name: Smart TV
Price: 800
Origin: Korea
Description: A high-definition smart TV
Power: 200
Screen size: 55

Name: Mountain bike
Price: 500
Origin: Germany
Description: A durable mountain bike
Weight: 15
Wheel size:26