django实战项目例子

为您介绍一个基于Django的实战项目：一个简单的博客系统。该博客系统具有以下功能：

1.用户可以注册、登录、注销账户。
2.用户可以创建、编辑、删除博客文章。
3.用户可以查看其他用户发布的博客文章。
4.博客文章可以按照发布时间或者浏览量进行排序。
5.用户可以对博客文章进行评论。
6.用户可以对其他用户的评论进行回复。

以下是该博客系统的实现步骤：

1.创建Django项目

django-admin startproject myblog

2.创建Django应用

python manage.py startapp blog

3.定义模型

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User

class Article(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    content = models.TextField()
    author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    created_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    modified_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
    views = models.PositiveIntegerField(default=0)

class Comment(models.Model):
    content = models.TextField()
    article = models.ForeignKey(Article, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    commentator = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    created_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    parent_comment = models.ForeignKey('self', null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='children')

4.创建数据库表

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

5.编写视图函数

from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404
from django.http import HttpResponse
from .models import Article, Comment
from .forms import CommentForm

def index(request):
    article_list = Article.objects.all().order_by('-created_time')
    return render(request, 'blog/index.html', context={'article_list': article_list})

def detail(request, article_id):
    article = get_object_or_404(Article, pk=article_id)
    article.views += 1
    article.save(update_fields=['views'])
    form = CommentForm()
    comment_list = Comment.objects.filter(article=article)
    context = {'article': article,
               'form': form,
               'comment_list': comment_list
               }
    return render(request, 'blog/detail.html', context=context)

def archives(request, year, month):
    article_list = Article.objects.filter(created_time__year=year,
                                           created_time__month=month
                                           ).order_by('-created_time')
    return render(request, 'blog/index.html', context={'article_list': article_list})

def category(request, category_id):
    pass

def search(request):
    pass

def login(request):
    pass

def register(request):
    pass

def logout(request):
    pass

6.编写模板文件

<!-- index.html -->
{% for article in article_list %}
    <h2><a href="{% url 'blog:detail' article.id %}">{{ article.title }}</a></h2>
    <p class="date">{{ article.created_time }}</p>
    <p>{{ article.content|truncatechars:200 }}</p>
{% endfor %}

<!-- detail.html -->
<h2>{{ article.title }}</h2>
<p class="date">{{ article.created_time }}</p>
<p>{{ article.content }}</p>

<h3>评论</h3>
<form method="post" action="{% url 'blog:comment' article.id %}">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {{ form.as_p }}
    <button type="submit">发表评论</button>
</form>

{% for comment in comment_list %}
    <div class="comment">
        <p>{{ comment.content }}</p>
        <p class="date">{{ comment.created_time }}</p>
        <p class="commentator">{{ comment.commentator }}</p>
        <a href="#comment-form">回复</a>
        {% for child_comment in comment.children.all %}
            <div class="child-comment">
                <p>{{ child_comment.content }}</p>
                <p class="date">{{ child_comment.created_time }}</p>
                <p class="commentator">{{ child_comment.commentator }}</p>
                <a href="#comment-form">回复</a>
            </div>
        {% endfor %}
    </div>
{% endfor %}

<!-- base.html -->
{% block content %}
{% endblock %}

7.编写表单

from django import forms
from .models import Comment

class CommentForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Comment
        fields = ['content']

8.配置URL

from django.urls import path
from . import views

app_name = 'blog'
urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.index, name='index'),
    path('article/<int:article_id>/', views.detail, name='detail'),
    path('archives/<int:year>/<int:month>/', views.archives, name='archives'),
    path('category/<int:category_id>/', views.category, name='category'),
    path('search/', views.search, name='search'),
    path('comment/<int:article_id>/', views.comment, name='comment'),
    path('login/', views.login, name='login'),
    path('register/', views.register, name='register'),
    path('logout/', views.logout, name='logout'),
]