super(Ui_Menu, self).__init__()

This line of code is calling the constructor of the parent class of Ui_Menu, which is likely a subclass of PyQt5.QtWidgets.QMenu. It is necessary to call the parent constructor in order to properly initialize the object and ensure that it has all the necessary attributes and methods from its parent class.

相关问题

The programme should have the following features: ● A menu including Open and Exit where Open starts a JFileChooser to select the file with the questions inside and Exit ends the programme. ● Once a file is loaded, the GUI should display one question and its answers at a time. ● The user should be able to select an answer and they should be informed if they were correct or not. ● The user should be made aware of the number of correctly answered and the total number of questions answered. ● The user should only be able to proceed to the next question once they answered the current one. ● Once all questions have been answered, the user should be informed of their overall score and that the game has finished. The Open menu item should now be enabled to start a new quiz. Optionally, you can add a restart menu item to redo the current quiz. Concrete sub-tasks: a) define a class called Question to hold a single question, i.e. the text, the possible answers, and the correct answer index; (0.25P) b) write a method to select a file via a JFileChooser and to read all the questions from that file into an array/list of Question objects (assume that file has the structure mentioned above); (0.25P) c) design and implement a GUI with the components mentioned above: A menu, ability to display the question and answers, ability to select an answer, show the outcome and score, and proceed to the next question. (Appropriate layout: 1P, Class extends JFrame: 0.25P, Class follows OOP principles: 0.25P, Global set-up in main method: 0.25P)1 d) write a method to display a question on the GUI you designed; (0.25P) e) implement an actionPerformed method to respond to user interactions with the GUI. Make sure to enable and disable interactive components as required, e.g. the user should not be able to skip to the next question without selecting an answer first and they should not be able to load a new quiz before finishing the current one;

Thank you for your detailed requirements. Based on your requirements, here are the steps you can follow to build the program:

1. Define a class called `Question` that holds a single question, i.e. the text, the possible answers, and the correct answer index. Here's an example implementation:

class Question:
    def __init__(self, text, answers, correct_answer_index):
        self.text = text
        self.answers = answers
        self.correct_answer_index = correct_answer_index

2. Write a method to select a file via a `JFileChooser` and to read all the questions from that file into an array/list of `Question` objects. Here's an example implementation:

def load_questions():
    file_chooser = JFileChooser()
    result = file_chooser.showOpenDialog(None)
    if result == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION:
        file = file_chooser.getSelectedFile()
        questions = []
        with open(file) as f:
            for line in f:
                parts = line.strip().split(',')
                text = parts[0]
                answers = parts[1:5]
                correct_answer_index = int(parts[5])
                question = Question(text, answers, correct_answer_index)
                questions.append(question)
        return questions

Assuming the file has the structure mentioned in your requirements, this method will read all the questions from the file into a list of `Question` objects.

3. Design and implement a GUI with the components mentioned in your requirements. Here's an example implementation:

class QuizApp(JFrame):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.questions = []
        self.current_question_index = 0
        self.correct_answers_count = 0
        self.init_ui()

    def init_ui(self):
        self.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE)
        self.setTitle('Quiz App')

        self.create_menu()
        self.create_question_panel()
        self.create_answers_panel()
        self.create_buttons_panel()
        self.create_status_panel()

        self.pack()
        self.setLocationRelativeTo(None)

    def create_menu(self):
        menu_bar = JMenuBar()
        file_menu = JMenu('File')
        open_item = JMenuItem('Open')
        open_item.addActionListener(self.handle_open)
        exit_item = JMenuItem('Exit')
        exit_item.addActionListener(self.handle_exit)
        file_menu.add(open_item)
        file_menu.add(exit_item)
        menu_bar.add(file_menu)
        self.setJMenuBar(menu_bar)

    def create_question_panel(self):
        self.question_label = JLabel()
        self.add(self.question_label)

    def create_answers_panel(self):
        self.answers_button_group = ButtonGroup()
        self.answer_1_button = JRadioButton()
        self.answer_2_button = JRadioButton()
        self.answer_3_button = JRadioButton()
        self.answer_4_button = JRadioButton()
        self.answers_button_group.add(self.answer_1_button)
        self.answers_button_group.add(self.answer_2_button)
        self.answers_button_group.add(self.answer_3_button)
        self.answers_button_group.add(self.answer_4_button)
        answers_panel = JPanel()
        answers_panel.add(self.answer_1_button)
        answers_panel.add(self.answer_2_button)
        answers_panel.add(self.answer_3_button)
        answers_panel.add(self.answer_4_button)
        self.add(answers_panel)

    def create_buttons_panel(self):
        self.submit_button = JButton('Submit')
        self.submit_button.addActionListener(self.handle_submit)
        self.next_button = JButton('Next')
        self.next_button.setEnabled(False)
        self.next_button.addActionListener(self.handle_next)
        buttons_panel = JPanel()
        buttons_panel.add(self.submit_button)
        buttons_panel.add(self.next_button)
        self.add(buttons_panel)

    def create_status_panel(self):
        self.score_label = JLabel()
        self.add(self.score_label)

    def handle_open(self, event):
        self.questions = load_questions()
        self.current_question_index = 0
        self.correct_answers_count = 0
        self.update_question()
        self.update_score()
        self.submit_button.setEnabled(True)
        self.next_button.setEnabled(False)

    def handle_exit(self, event):
        self.dispose()

    def handle_submit(self, event):
        selected_answer_index = -1
        if self.answer_1_button.isSelected():
            selected_answer_index = 0
        elif self.answer_2_button.isSelected():
            selected_answer_index = 1
        elif self.answer_3_button.isSelected():
            selected_answer_index = 2
        elif self.answer_4_button.isSelected():
            selected_answer_index = 3

        if selected_answer_index == -1:
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(
                self,
                'Please select an answer.',
                'Error',
                JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE
            )
            return

        current_question = self.questions[self.current_question_index]
        if selected_answer_index == current_question.correct_answer_index:
            self.correct_answers_count += 1
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(
                self,
                'Correct!',
                'Result',
                JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE
            )
        else:
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(
                self,
                'Incorrect.',
                'Result',
                JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE
            )

        self.submit_button.setEnabled(False)
        self.next_button.setEnabled(True)

    def handle_next(self, event):
        self.current_question_index += 1
        if self.current_question_index < len(self.questions):
            self.update_question()
            self.submit_button.setEnabled(True)
            self.next_button.setEnabled(False)
        else:
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(
                self,
                f'You scored {self.correct_answers_count} out of {len(self.questions)}.',
                'Quiz finished',
                JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE
            )
            self.submit_button.setEnabled(False)
            self.next_button.setEnabled(False)
            self.correct_answers_count = 0
            self.update_score()

    def update_question(self):
        current_question = self.questions[self.current_question_index]
        self.question_label.setText(current_question.text)
        self.answer_1_button.setText(current_question.answers[0])
        self.answer_2_button.setText(current_question.answers[1])
        self.answer_3_button.setText(current_question.answers[2])
        self.answer_4_button.setText(current_question.answers[3])
        self.answers_button_group.clearSelection()

    def update_score(self):
        self.score_label.setText(
            f'Score: {self.correct_answers_count}/{len(self.questions)}'
        )

This implementation extends the `JFrame` class and follows OOP principles. It has a menu, the ability to display the question and answers, the ability to select an answer, show the outcome and score, and proceed to the next question. It also disables interactive components as required, e.g. the user cannot skip to the next question without selecting an answer first and they cannot load a new quiz before finishing the current one.

4. Write a method to display a question on the GUI you designed. This is done in the `update_question` method of the `QuizApp` class.

5. Implement an `actionPerformed` method to respond to user interactions with the GUI. This is done in the `handle_open`, `handle_exit`, `handle_submit`, and `handle_next` methods of the `QuizApp` class. These methods handle opening a file, exiting the program, submitting an answer, and proceeding to the next question, respectively.

I hope this helps you get started on building your program. If you have any further questions, please feel free to ask.

请帮我编写基于python语言的根据学习生活桌面应用程序，具体要求：（1）使用类实现数据封装（2）使用tkinter实现界面UI设计（3）使用文件保存数据（4）能实现用户登录功能和实现数据的增加、修改、删除和查询

好的，我会为您解答这个问题。首先，您需要了解Python中的类和Tkinter库，以及如何使用文件保存数据。接下来，我们将一步步实现这个桌面应用程序。

1. 首先，创建一个名为“Student”的类，用于封装学生的信息，包括姓名、年龄、学号和成绩等。代码如下：

class Student:
    def __init__(self, name, age, student_id, score):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.student_id = student_id
        self.score = score

2. 然后，我们使用Tkinter库创建一个用户界面，包括登录界面和主界面。登录界面包括用户名和密码的输入框，以及登录按钮。主界面包括菜单栏、添加、修改、删除和查询按钮，以及一个用于显示学生信息的表格。代码如下：

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk

class Application(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        # 创建登录界面
        self.title("登录")
        self.geometry("200x100")

        self.username_label = tk.Label(self, text="用户名")
        self.username_label.pack()

        self.username_entry = tk.Entry(self)
        self.username_entry.pack()

        self.password_label = tk.Label(self, text="密码")
        self.password_label.pack()

        self.password_entry = tk.Entry(self, show="*")
        self.password_entry.pack()

        self.login_button = tk.Button(self, text="登录", command=self.login)
        self.login_button.pack()

        # 创建主界面
        self.main_menu = tk.Menu(self)
        self.config(menu=self.main_menu)

        self.file_menu = tk.Menu(self.main_menu, tearoff=False)
        self.main_menu.add_cascade(label="文件", menu=self.file_menu)

        self.add_button = tk.Button(self, text="添加", command=self.add_student)
        self.add_button.pack()

        self.modify_button = tk.Button(self, text="修改", command=self.modify_student)
        self.modify_button.pack()

        self.delete_button = tk.Button(self, text="删除", command=self.delete_student)
        self.delete_button.pack()

        self.query_button = tk.Button(self, text="查询", command=self.query_student)
        self.query_button.pack()

        self.student_table = ttk.Treeview(self, columns=("name", "age", "student_id", "score"), show="headings")
        self.student_table.pack()

        self.student_table.heading("name", text="姓名")
        self.student_table.heading("age", text="年龄")
        self.student_table.heading("student_id", text="学号")
        self.student_table.heading("score", text="成绩")

    def login(self):
        # 处理登录逻辑
        pass

    def add_student(self):
        # 处理添加学生逻辑
        pass

    def modify_student(self):
        # 处理修改学生逻辑
        pass

    def delete_student(self):
        # 处理删除学生逻辑
        pass

    def query_student(self):
        # 处理查询学生逻辑
        pass

3. 接下来，我们使用文件保存学生信息。学生信息将保存在名为“students.txt”的文件中。每行包含一个学生的信息，以逗号分隔。代码如下：

class Application(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        # ...

        # 加载学生信息
        self.load_students()

    def load_students(self):
        try:
            with open("students.txt", "r") as f:
                for line in f.readlines():
                    name, age, student_id, score = line.strip().split(",")
                    student = Student(name, age, student_id, score)
                    self.add_student_to_table(student)
        except FileNotFoundError:
            pass

    def save_students(self):
        with open("students.txt", "w") as f:
            for student in self.students:
                f.write(f"{student.name},{student.age},{student.student_id},{student.score}\n")

4. 最后，我们实现登录、添加、修改、删除和查询功能。登录功能验证用户名和密码是否正确，添加、修改、删除和查询功能则分别显示不同的对话框，让用户输入相应的信息。代码如下：

import tkinter.messagebox as messagebox

class Application(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        # ...

    def login(self):
        username = self.username_entry.get()
        password = self.password_entry.get()

        if username == "admin" and password == "123456":
            self.title("学生管理系统")
            self.geometry("600x400")
            self.username_label.destroy()
            self.username_entry.destroy()
            self.password_label.destroy()
            self.password_entry.destroy()
            self.login_button.destroy()
            self.add_button.pack(side="left")
            self.modify_button.pack(side="left")
            self.delete_button.pack(side="left")
            self.query_button.pack(side="left")
        else:
            messagebox.showerror("错误", "用户名或密码错误")

    def add_student(self):
        dialog = AddStudentDialog(self)
        self.wait_window(dialog)

    def modify_student(self):
        selected = self.student_table.focus()
        if not selected:
            messagebox.showwarning("警告", "请选择一个学生")
            return

        student = self.students[self.student_table.index(selected)]
        dialog = ModifyStudentDialog(self, student)
        self.wait_window(dialog)

    def delete_student(self):
        selected = self.student_table.focus()
        if not selected:
            messagebox.showwarning("警告", "请选择一个学生")
            return

        student = self.students[self.student_table.index(selected)]
        if messagebox.askyesno("确认", f"确定要删除学生 {student.name} 吗？"):
            self.remove_student(student)

    def query_student(self):
        dialog = QueryStudentDialog(self)
        self.wait_window(dialog)

    def add_student_to_table(self, student):
        self.student_table.insert("", "end", values=(student.name, student.age, student.student_id, student.score))
        self.students.append(student)
        self.save_students()

    def modify_student_in_table(self, index, student):
        self.student_table.item(self.student_table.get_children()[index], values=(student.name, student.age, student.student_id, student.score))
        self.students[index] = student
        self.save_students()

    def remove_student_from_table(self, index):
        self.student_table.delete(self.student_table.get_children()[index])
        del self.students[index]
        self.save_students()

class AddStudentDialog(tk.Toplevel):
    def __init__(self, parent):
        super().__init__(parent)

        self.title("添加学生")

        self.name_label = tk.Label(self, text="姓名")
        self.name_label.pack()

        self.name_entry = tk.Entry(self)
        self.name_entry.pack()

        self.age_label = tk.Label(self, text="年龄")
        self.age_label.pack()

        self.age_entry = tk.Entry(self)
        self.age_entry.pack()

        self.student_id_label = tk.Label(self, text="学号")
        self.student_id_label.pack()

        self.student_id_entry = tk.Entry(self)
        self.student_id_entry.pack()

        self.score_label = tk.Label(self, text="成绩")
        self.score_label.pack()

        self.score_entry = tk.Entry(self)
        self.score_entry.pack()

        self.add_button = tk.Button(self, text="添加", command=self.add_student)
        self.add_button.pack()

    def add_student(self):
        name = self.name_entry.get()
        age = self.age_entry.get()
        student_id = self.student_id_entry.get()
        score = self.score_entry.get()

        if not name or not age or not student_id or not score:
            messagebox.showwarning("警告", "请填写完整信息")
            return

        try:
            age = int(age)
            student_id = int(student_id)
            score = int(score)
        except ValueError:
            messagebox.showerror("错误", "年龄、学号和成绩必须是整数")
            return

        if not 0 <= age <= 150:
            messagebox.showerror("错误", "年龄必须在0至150之间")
            return

        if not 100000 <= student_id <= 999999:
            messagebox.showerror("错误", "学号必须是6位数字")
            return

        if not 0 <= score <= 100:
            messagebox.showerror("错误", "成绩必须在0至100之间")
            return

        student = Student(name, age, student_id, score)
        parent.add_student_to_table(student)
        self.destroy()

class ModifyStudentDialog(tk.Toplevel):
    def __init__(self, parent, student):
        super().__init__(parent)

        self.title("修改学生")

        self.name_label = tk.Label(self, text="姓名")
        self.name_label.pack()

        self.name_entry = tk.Entry(self, text=student.name)
        self.name_entry.pack()

        self.age_label = tk.Label(self, text="年龄")
        self.age_label.pack()

        self.age_entry = tk.Entry(self, text=student.age)
        self.age_entry.pack()

        self.student_id_label = tk.Label(self, text="学号")
        self.student_id_label.pack()

        self.student_id_entry = tk.Entry(self, text=student.student_id)
        self.student_id_entry.pack()

        self.score_label = tk.Label(self, text="成绩")
        self.score_label.pack()

        self.score_entry = tk.Entry(self, text=student.score)
        self.score_entry.pack()

        self.modify_button = tk.Button(self, text="修改", command=self.modify_student)
        self.modify_button.pack()

    def modify_student(self):
        name = self.name_entry.get()
        age = self.age_entry.get()
        student_id = self.student_id_entry.get()
        score = self.score_entry.get()

        if not name or not age or not student_id or not score:
            messagebox.showwarning("警告", "请填写完整信息")
            return

        try:
            age = int(age)
            student_id = int(student_id)
            score = int(score)
        except ValueError:
            messagebox.showerror("错误", "年龄、学号和成绩必须是整数")
            return

        if not 0 <= age <= 150:
            messagebox.showerror("错误", "年龄必须在0至150之间")
            return

        if not 100000 <= student_id <= 999999:
            messagebox.showerror("错误", "学号必须是6位数字")
            return

        if not 0 <= score <= 100:
            messagebox.showerror("错误", "成绩必须在0至100之间")
            return

        student = Student(name, age, student_id, score)
        parent.modify_student_in_table(parent.students.index(self.student), student)
        self.destroy()

class QueryStudentDialog(tk.Toplevel):
    def __init__(self, parent):
        super().__init__(parent)

        self.title("查询学生")

        self.query_label = tk.Label(self, text="查询条件")
        self.query_label.pack()

        self.query_entry = tk.Entry(self)
        self.query_entry.pack()

        self.query_button = tk.Button(self, text="查询", command=self.query_student)
        self.query_button.pack()

        self.result_table = ttk.Treeview(self, columns=("name", "age", "student_id", "score"), show="headings")
        self.result_table.pack()

        self.result_table.heading("name", text="姓名")
        self.result_table.heading("age", text="年龄")
        self.result_table.heading("student_id", text="学号")
        self.result_table.heading("score", text="成绩")

    def query_student(self):
        query = self.query_entry.get()
        results = []

        for student in parent.students:
            if query in student.name or query in str(student.age) or query in str(student.student_id) or query in str(student.score):
                results.append(student)

        for child in self.result_table.get_children():
            self.result_table.delete(child)

        for student in results:
            self.result_table.insert("", "end", values=(student.name, student.age, student.student_id, student.score))