重写程序清单11-16中Course类的addStudent函数c++，使得Course.cpp中，如果学生的数量超过了容量，代码抛出runtime_error异常

以下是重写后的addStudent函数代码：

void Course::addStudent(const string& name) {
    if (numberOfStudents >= capacity) {
        throw runtime_error("Exceeding the capacity!");
    }
    students[numberOfStudents] = name;
    ++numberOfStudents;
}

在该代码中，我们首先检查学生的数量是否超过了容量。如果是，则抛出一个runtime_error异常。否则，将学生添加到students数组中，并将numberOfStudents加1。

相关问题

(使得Course类可复制)重写程序清单10-6中的Course类，增加一个clone 方法，执行students 域上的深度复制。

以下是修改后的Course类，增加了clone方法来实现students域的深拷贝：

public class Course implements Cloneable {
    private String courseName;
    private ArrayList<String> students = new ArrayList<>();

    public Course(String courseName) {
        this.courseName = courseName;
    }

    public void addStudent(String student) {
        students.add(student);
    }

    public String[] getStudents() {
        return students.toArray(new String[0]);
    }

    public int getNumberOfStudents() {
        return students.size();
    }

    public String getCourseName() {
        return courseName;
    }

    @Override
    public Object clone() {
        try {
            Course cloned = (Course) super.clone();
            cloned.students = (ArrayList<String>) students.clone();
            return cloned;
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            return null;
        }
    }
}

在clone方法中，首先调用了父类的clone方法，得到一个浅拷贝的Course对象，然后将students域进行深拷贝，最后返回新的Course对象。这样，当我们使用clone方法复制一个Course对象时，得到的新对象将会拥有一个独立的、深拷贝的students列表，与原对象的students列表完全独立。

重写下列代码中的addStudent function which throw a runtime_error if the number of students exceeds the capacity,并重写出一个符合要求的main函数，原代码如下：#include<iostream> #include"course.h" using namespace std; Course::Course(const string& courseName, int capacity) { numberOfStudents = 0; this->courseName = courseName; this->capacity = capacity; students = new string[capacity]; } Course::~Course(){ delete[]students; } string Course::getCourseName() const { return courseName; } void Course::addStudent(const string& name) { students[numberOfStudents] = name; numberOfStudents++; } string* Course::getStudent()const { return students; } int Course::getNumberOfStudents()const { return numberOfStudents; } int main() { Course course1("Data Structures", 10); Course course2("Database System", 15); course1.addStudent("s1mple"); course1.addStudent("kennys"); course1.addStudent("somedieyoung"); course2.addStudent("niko"); course2.addStudent("pinkfloyd"); cout << "Number of c1 students:" << course1.getNumberOfStudents() << endl; string* students = course1.getStudent(); for (int i = 0; i < course1.getNumberOfStudents(); i++) { cout << students[i] << "," << endl;; } cout << "Number of c2 students:" << course2.getNumberOfStudents() << endl; students = course2.getStudent(); for (int i = 0; i < course2.getNumberOfStudents(); i++) { cout << students[i] << ","; } return 0; }

重写后的代码如下：

#include<iostream>
#include"course.h"
using namespace std;

Course::Course(const string& courseName, int capacity) {
    numberOfStudents = 0;
    this->courseName = courseName;
    this->capacity = capacity;
    students = new string[capacity];
}

Course::~Course() {
    delete[] students;
}

string Course::getCourseName() const {
    return courseName;
}

void Course::addStudent(const string& name) {
    if (numberOfStudents >= capacity) {
        throw runtime_error("Error: Number of students exceeds capacity!");
    }
    students[numberOfStudents] = name;
    numberOfStudents++;
}

string* Course::getStudent() const {
    return students;
}

int Course::getNumberOfStudents() const {
    return numberOfStudents;
}

int main() {
    Course course1("Data Structures", 3);
    Course course2("Database System", 2);
    try {
        course1.addStudent("s1mple");
        course1.addStudent("kennys");
        course1.addStudent("somedieyoung");
        course1.addStudent("coldzera"); // 超出容量，会抛出异常
    }
    catch (const runtime_error& e) {
        cout << e.what() << endl; // 捕获异常并输出错误信息
    }
    
    try {
        course2.addStudent("niko");
        course2.addStudent("pinkfloyd");
        course2.addStudent("getright"); // 超出容量，会抛出异常
    }
    catch (const runtime_error& e) {
        cout << e.what() << endl; // 捕获异常并输出错误信息
    }

    cout << "Number of c1 students:" << course1.getNumberOfStudents() << endl;
    string* students = course1.getStudent();
    for (int i = 0; i < course1.getNumberOfStudents(); i++) {
        cout << students[i] << "," << endl;;
    }

    cout << "Number of c2 students:" << course2.getNumberOfStudents() << endl;
    students = course2.getStudent();
    for (int i = 0; i < course2.getNumberOfStudents(); i++) {
        cout << students[i] << "," << endl;;
    }

    return 0;
}

在addStudent函数中加入了判断当前学生数量是否超过容量的语句。如果超过容量，则抛出一个runtime_error异常，并输出错误信息。

在main函数中，对于每个课程都使用try-catch语句捕获可能抛出的异常，并输出错误信息。这样可以保证程序不会因为超出容量而崩溃，而是会输出错误信息并继续运行。

需要注意的是，为了方便测试，我将课程的容量都设置得比较小。在实际使用中，需要根据实际情况来设置合适的容量。