优化修改代码，分别按照“系”进行学历统计，分别计算每个系中各学历的人数：void countEducation() { Node* p = head->next; int bachelorCount = 0, masterCount = 0, doctoralCount = 0; while (p != nullptr) { if (p->data.getEducation() == "本科") { bachelorCount++; } else if (p->data.getEducation() == "硕士") { masterCount++; } else if (p->data.getEducation() == "博士") { doctoralCount++; } p = p->next; } cout << "本科：" << bachelorCount << endl; cout << "硕士：" << masterCount << endl; cout << "博士：" << doctoralCount << endl; }

可以使用一个嵌套的 map 来记录各系对应的各个学历的人数，然后遍历链表统计即可，代码如下：

void countEducation() {
    Node* p = head->next;
    map<string, map<string, int>> educationCount; // 用 map 记录各个系对应的各个学历的人数
    while (p != nullptr) {
        educationCount[p->data.getDepartment()][p->data.getEducation()]++;
        p = p->next;
    }
    for (const auto& [department, educationMap] : educationCount) {
        cout << department << "系：" << endl;
        for (const auto& [education, count] : educationMap) {
            cout << education << "：" << count << endl;
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
}

这样就可以统计出每个系中各个学历的人数，输出格式也更加清晰。