python绘制元素周期表

要在 Python 中绘制元素周期表，可以使用 Matplotlib 库。以下是一个简单的示例代码：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# 定义元素周期表中各元素的位置和名称
elements = {
    'H': (1, 1), 'He': (18, 1),
    'Li': (1, 2), 'Be': (2, 2), 'B': (13, 2), 'C': (14, 2), 'N': (15, 2), 'O': (16, 2), 'F': (17, 2), 'Ne': (18, 2),
    'Na': (1, 3), 'Mg': (2, 3), 'Al': (13, 3), 'Si': (14, 3), 'P': (15, 3), 'S': (16, 3), 'Cl': (17, 3), 'Ar': (18, 3),
    'K': (1, 4), 'Ca': (2, 4), 'Sc': (3, 4), 'Ti': (4, 4), 'V': (5, 4), 'Cr': (6, 4), 'Mn': (7, 4), 'Fe': (8, 4), 'Co': (9, 4), 'Ni': (10, 4), 'Cu': (11, 4), 'Zn': (12, 4), 'Ga': (13, 4), 'Ge': (14, 4), 'As': (15, 4), 'Se': (16, 4), 'Br': (17, 4), 'Kr': (18, 4),
    'Rb': (1, 5), 'Sr': (2, 5), 'Y': (3, 5), 'Zr': (4, 5), 'Nb': (5, 5), 'Mo': (6, 5), 'Tc': (7, 5), 'Ru': (8, 5), 'Rh': (9, 5), 'Pd': (10, 5), 'Ag': (11, 5), 'Cd': (12, 5), 'In': (13, 5), 'Sn': (14, 5), 'Sb': (15, 5), 'Te': (16, 5), 'I': (17, 5), 'Xe': (18, 5),
    'Cs': (1, 6), 'Ba': (2, 6), 'La': (3, 6), 'Ce': (4, 6), 'Pr': (5, 6), 'Nd': (6, 6), 'Pm': (7, 6), 'Sm': (8, 6), 'Eu': (9, 6), 'Gd': (10, 6), 'Tb': (11, 6), 'Dy': (12, 6), 'Ho': (13, 6), 'Er': (14, 6), 'Tm': (15, 6), 'Yb': (16, 6), 'Lu': (17, 6), 'Hf': (4, 7), 'Ta': (5, 7), 'W': (6, 7), 'Re': (7, 7), 'Os': (8, 7), 'Ir': (9, 7), 'Pt': (10, 7), 'Au': (11, 7), 'Hg': (12, 7), 'Tl': (13, 7), 'Pb': (14, 7), 'Bi': (15, 7), 'Th': (3, 8), 'Pa': (4, 8), 'U': (5, 8), 'Np': (6, 8), 'Pu': (7, 8), 'Am': (8, 8), 'Cm': (9, 8), 'Bk': (10, 8), 'Cf': (11, 8), 'Es': (12, 8), 'Fm': (13, 8), 'Md': (14, 8), 'No': (15, 8), 'Lr': (16, 8)}

# 绘制周期表的框架
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 12))
for i in range(1, 19):
    ax.plot([i, i], [1, 8], color='gray', linewidth=1)
for i in range(1, 9):
    ax.plot([1, 18], [i, i], color='gray', linewidth=1)

# 在周期表中添加元素名称
for symbol, (x, y) in elements.items():
    ax.text(x, y, symbol, ha='center', va='center', fontsize=12)

# 设置坐标轴和标题
ax.set_xlim(0.5, 18.5)
ax.set_ylim(0.5, 8.5)
ax.set_xticks(list(range(1, 19)))
ax.set_yticks(list(range(1, 9)))
ax.set_xlabel('Group', fontsize=16)
ax.set_ylabel('Period', fontsize=16)
ax.set_title('Periodic Table of Elements', fontsize=20, fontweight='bold')

plt.show()

这段代码使用了一个字典 `elements` 来存储元素名称和位置信息，然后通过循环在周期表中绘制出各个元素的名称和位置。最后调整坐标轴和标题等绘图参数，就可以生成一个简单的周期表图像。