如何用python写一个俄罗斯方块小游戏

以下是一个简单的俄罗斯方块小游戏的Python代码：

import pygame
import random

# 定义颜色
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
GRAY = (128, 128, 128)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)

# 定义方块的大小和形状
TETROMINOES = {
    'I': [[1, 1, 1, 1]],
    'J': [[1, 0, 0], [1, 1, 1]],
    'L': [[0, 0, 1], [1, 1, 1]],
    'O': [[1, 1], [1, 1]],
    'S': [[0, 1, 1], [1, 1, 0]],
    'T': [[0, 1, 0], [1, 1, 1]],
    'Z': [[1, 1, 0], [0, 1, 1]]
}

# 初始化pygame
pygame.init()

# 设置窗口大小
WINDOW_SIZE = (400, 500)
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(WINDOW_SIZE)

# 设置标题
pygame.display.set_caption("Tetris")

# 设置字体
font = pygame.font.Font(None, 36)

# 定义方块类
class Tetromino:
    def __init__(self):
        self.x = 4
        self.y = 0
        self.shape = random.choice(list(TETROMINOES.keys()))
        self.rotation = 0

    def rotate_left(self):
        self.rotation = (self.rotation - 1) % len(TETROMINOES[self.shape])

    def rotate_right(self):
        self.rotation = (self.rotation + 1) % len(TETROMINOES[self.shape])

    def move_left(self):
        self.x -= 1

    def move_right(self):
        self.x += 1

    def move_down(self):
        self.y += 1

    def draw(self, surface):
        shape = TETROMINOES[self.shape][self.rotation]
        color = get_color(self.shape)
        for i in range(len(shape)):
            for j in range(len(shape[i])):
                if shape[i][j] == 1:
                    pygame.draw.rect(surface, color, (self.x * 20 + j * 20, self.y * 20 + i * 20, 20, 20), 0)
                    pygame.draw.rect(surface, BLACK, (self.x * 20 + j * 20, self.y * 20 + i * 20, 20, 20), 1)

# 定义方块的颜色
def get_color(shape):
    if shape == 'I':
        return CYAN
    elif shape == 'J':
        return BLUE
    elif shape == 'L':
        return ORANGE
    elif shape == 'O':
        return YELLOW
    elif shape == 'S':
        return GREEN
    elif shape == 'T':
        return PURPLE
    elif shape == 'Z':
        return RED

# 定义网格类
class Grid:
    def __init__(self):
        self.grid = [[BLACK for _ in range(10)] for _ in range(20)]

    def draw(self, surface):
        for i in range(len(self.grid)):
            for j in range(len(self.grid[i])):
                pygame.draw.rect(surface, self.grid[i][j], (j * 20, i * 20, 20, 20), 0)
                pygame.draw.rect(surface, GRAY, (j * 20, i * 20, 20, 20), 1)

    def check_lines(self):
        lines = 0
        for i in range(len(self.grid)):
            if all(color != BLACK for color in self.grid[i]):
                self.grid.pop(i)
                self.grid.insert(0, [BLACK for _ in range(10)])
                lines += 1
        return lines

    def add_tetromino(self, tetromino):
        shape = TETROMINOES[tetromino.shape][tetromino.rotation]
        color = get_color(tetromino.shape)
        for i in range(len(shape)):
            for j in range(len(shape[i])):
                if shape[i][j] == 1:
                    self.grid[tetromino.y + i][tetromino.x + j] = color

# 定义游戏类
class Game:
    def __init__(self):
        self.grid = Grid()
        self.tetromino = Tetromino()
        self.next_tetromino = Tetromino()
        self.score = 0

    def draw(self, surface):
        self.grid.draw(surface)
        self.tetromino.draw(surface)
        self.draw_score(surface)

    def draw_score(self, surface):
        score_text = font.render("Score: {}".format(self.score), True, WHITE)
        surface.blit(score_text, (10, 10))

    def update(self):
        self.tetromino.move_down()
        if self.check_collision():
            self.tetromino.move_up()
            self.grid.add_tetromino(self.tetromino)
            self.tetromino = self.next_tetromino
            self.next_tetromino = Tetromino()
            lines_cleared = self.grid.check_lines()
            if lines_cleared > 0:
                self.score += 10 * lines_cleared

    def check_collision(self):
        shape = TETROMINOES[self.tetromino.shape][self.tetromino.rotation]
        for i in range(len(shape)):
            for j in range(len(shape[i])):
                if shape[i][j] == 1:
                    x = self.tetromino.x + j
                    y = self.tetromino.y + i
                    if x < 0 or x >= 10 or y >= 20 or self.grid.grid[y][x] != BLACK:
                        return True
        return False

# 创建游戏对象
game = Game()

# 设置游戏循环
done = False
clock = pygame.time.Clock()

# 游戏循环
while not done:
    # 处理事件
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            done = True
        elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
            if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                game.tetromino.move_left()
                if game.check_collision():
                    game.tetromino.move_right()
            elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                game.tetromino.move_right()
                if game.check_collision():
                    game.tetromino.move_left()
            elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                game.tetromino.rotate_right()
                if game.check_collision():
                    game.tetromino.rotate_left()
            elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                game.tetromino.move_down()
                if game.check_collision():
                    game.tetromino.move_up()

    # 更新游戏状态
    game.update()

    # 绘制屏幕
    screen.fill(BLACK)
    game.draw(screen)
    pygame.display.flip()

    # 控制帧率
    clock.tick(10)

# 关闭pygame
pygame.quit()

这个游戏实现了基本的俄罗斯方块玩法，可以使用键盘左右移动方块，上下旋转方块，下箭头加速下落方块，并计分和消除已经填满的行。你可以根据需求对代码进行修改和扩展。