str = ' '.join(P[x])这是什么意思
时间: 2024-01-20 08:03:47 浏览: 40
这段代码是将列表`P[x]`中的元素以空格为分隔符连接成一个字符串,并赋值给变量`str`。
具体来说,`join()`方法会将可迭代对象中的元素以指定的分隔符连接起来,返回一个新的字符串。在这个例子中,`join()`方法的参数是`P[x]`,即列表`P`中下标为`x`的元素,它是一个字符串列表。通过`' '.join(P[x])`,将这个字符串列表中的每个元素以空格为分隔符连接起来,返回一个新的字符串。最终结果赋值给变量`str`。
例如,如果`P[x]`是`['hello', 'world']`,则执行`' '.join(P[x])`后的结果是`'hello world'`。
需要注意的是,`join()`方法只能用于连接字符串类型的元素,如果列表中的元素不是字符串类型,需要先将其转换为字符串类型。例如:
```python
lst = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
result = ' '.join(str(x) for x in lst)
print(result) # 输出结果为"1 2 3 4 5"
```
相关问题
#第二次作业 #26 #(1) lst=[1,2,3,4,5] square=map(lambda x:x*x,lst) print(list(square)) #(2) even=filter(lambda x:x%2==0,lst) print(list(even)) #27 #(1) file1=open("E:/大一/python与程序设计/file1.txt","r") content1=file1.read() lst1=content1.split() num=list(map(int,lst1)) allnum=sum(num) print(allnum) file1.close() #(2) file1=open("E:/大一/python与程序设计/file1.txt","r") content=[] for i in range(1,4): l=file1.readline() num= list(map(int, l.split())) num.sort() strs=" ".join(list(map(str,num))) strs2=strs+"\n" content.append(strs2) file2=open("E:/大一/python与程序设计/file2.txt","w") file2.writelines(content) file2.close() file1.close() #(3) file1=open("E:/大一/python与程序设计/file1.txt","r") content=file1.readlines() print(len(content)) #28 from datetime import datetime as dt file3=open("E:/大一/python与程序设计/file3.txt",'r',encoding='utf-8') line1=file3.readline() content=[] for i in range(1,4): l=file3.readline().split() content.append(l) col1=[content[0][0],content[1][0],content[2][0]] col2=[content[0][1],content[1][1],content[2][1]] col3=[content[0][2],content[1][2],content[2][2]] col4=[content[0][3],content[1][3],content[2][3]] day_formate="%H:%M:%S" Time=[] Code=[] Price=[] Volume=[] for t in col1: Time.append(dt.strptime(t,day_formate)) for c in col2: Code.append(str(c)) for p in col3: Price.append(float(p)) for v in col4: Volume.append(int(v)) file3.close() #29 #(1) mean=lambda x,y,z:(x+y+z)/3 #(2) def mean(*num): if bool(num)==0: return None else: return sum(num)/len(num) #30 def fibo(n): if n==1 or n==2: return 1 else: return fibo(n-1)+fibo(n-2) #31 from math import sqrt class Point(): def __init__(self,x,y): self.x=x self.y=y class Line(Point): def __init__(self,p1,p2): self.p1=p1 self.p2=p2 def lenth(self): lenth=sqrt((self.p1.x-self.p2.x)**2+(self.p1.y-self.p2.y)**2) return lenth def slope(self): if self.p1.x==self.p2.x: return None else: k=(self.p1.y-self.p2.y)/(self.p1.x-self.p2.x) return k def __repr__(self): return ((self.p1),(self.p2)) p1=Point(2,3) p2=Point(5,9) line=Line(p1,p2) l_line=line.lenth() k_line=line.slope() print(f"起点(2,3)到止点(5,9)的线段长度为{l_line},斜率为{k_line}") #32 class Point(): #(1) def __init__(self,x=0,y=0): self.x=x self.y=y #(2) def trans(self): return (self.y,self.x) #(3) def show(self): return print(f"该点坐标为({self.x},{self.y})") #(4) p1=Point(1,2) p1.trans() p1.show() p2=Point(3,5) p2.trans() p2.show()
对于你的代码,我进行了一些修改和注释,以便更好地理解。请查看以下代码:
# 26
# (1) 计算列表中每个元素的平方
lst = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
square = map(lambda x: x * x, lst)
print(list(square))
# (2) 过滤出列表中的偶数
even = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, lst)
print(list(even))
# 27
# (1) 读取文件中的数字,并计算它们的总和
file1 = open("E:/大一/python与程序设计/file1.txt", "r")
content1 = file1.read()
lst1 = content1.split()
num = list(map(int, lst1))
allnum = sum(num)
print(allnum)
file1.close()
# (2) 读取文件中的数字,并将每行数字进行排序后写入新文件
file1 = open("E:/大一/python与程序设计/file1.txt", "r")
content = []
for i in range(1, 4):
l = file1.readline()
num = list(map(int, l.split()))
num.sort()
strs = " ".join(list(map(str, num)))
strs2 = strs + "\n"
content.append(strs2)
file2 = open("E:/大一/python与程序设计/file2.txt", "w")
file2.writelines(content)
file2.close()
file1.close()
# (3) 读取文件中的行数
file1 = open("E:/大一/python与程序设计/file1.txt", "r")
content = file1.readlines()
print(len(content))
# 28
# 从文件中读取数据,并按照列进行解析
from datetime import datetime as dt
file3 = open("E:/大一/python与程序设计/file3.txt", 'r', encoding='utf-8')
line1 = file3.readline()
content = []
for i in range(1, 4):
l = file3.readline().split()
content.append(l)
# 将字符串时间转换为datetime类型
col1 = [content[0][0], content[1][0], content[2][0]]
day_formate = "%H:%M:%S"
Time = [dt.strptime(t, day_formate) for t in col1]
# 将字符串转换为其他类型
col2 = [content[0][1], content[1][1], content[2][1]]
Code = [str(c) for c in col2]
col3 = [content[0][2], content[1][2], content[2][2]]
Price = [float(p) for p in col3]
col4 = [content[0][3], content[1][3], content[2][3]]
Volume = [int(v) for v in col4]
file3.close()
# 29
# (1) 求三个数的平均值
mean = lambda x, y, z: (x + y + z) / 3
# (2) 求任意数量的数的平均值
def mean(*num):
if bool(num) == 0:
return None
else:
return sum(num) / len(num)
# 30
# 计算斐波那契数列的第n项
def fibo(n):
if n == 1 or n == 2:
return 1
else:
return fibo(n - 1) + fibo(n - 2)
# 31
# 定义Point和Line类,并计算线段长度和斜率
from math import sqrt
class Point():
def __init__(self, x, y):
self.x = x
self.y = y
class Line(Point):
def __init__(self, p1, p2):
self.p1 = p1
self.p2 = p2
def length(self):
length = sqrt((self.p1.x - self.p2.x) ** 2 + (self.p1.y - self.p2.y) ** 2)
return length
def slope(self):
if self.p1.x == self.p2.x:
return None
else:
k = (self.p1.y - self.p2.y) / (self.p1.x - self.p2.x)
return k
def __repr__(self):
return ((self.p1), (self.p2))
p1 = Point(2, 3)
p2 = Point(5, 9)
line = Line(p1, p2)
l_length = line.length()
k_line = line.slope()
print(f"起点(2,3)到止点(5,9)的线段长度为{l_length},斜率为{k_line}")
# 32
# (1) 定义一个Point类,包含x和y坐标
class Point():
def __init__(self, x=0, y=0):
self.x = x
self.y = y
# (2) 定义一个trans()函数,将坐标轴进行转换
def trans(self):
return (self.y, self.x)
# (3) 定义一个show()函数,打印出点的坐标
def show(self):
return print(f"该点坐标为({self.x},{self.y})")
p1 = Point(1, 2)
p1.trans()
p1.show()
p2 = Point(3, 5)
p2.trans()
p2.show()
优化这段代码 for p in range(1,1190): try: # print(browser.page_source) # 输出网页源码 time.sleep(1) html = etree.HTML(browser.page_source) content_html = html.xpath('//div[@class="table-responsive"]/table/tbody[@class="data-table"]/tr') for html_ in content_html: No_id = html_.xpath('.//td[2]/text()') url2_list = html_.xpath('.//td[3]/div/text()') url2_list = url2_list[0].replace('www.', '').rstrip('/') # url2_list=url2_list[0].replace('https://www.','').replace('http://www.','').replace('https://','').replace('http://','').rstrip('/') # language_list=html_.xpath('.//div[@class="table__summary table__summary--inventory-verified"]/div[12]/div/text()') category_list = html_.xpath('.//td[4]/div/div/div[1]/span/text()') category_list = '、'.join(category_list) # category_list='、'.join(category_list) # 提供者数量 performer_list = html_.xpath('.//td[10]/text()') performer_list = '$' + performer_list[0] last = [p,No_id[0], '', 'globexportal.net', url2_list, '', '', category_list, '', '平台', performer_list] print(last) with open('globexportal.net.1.csv', 'a+', newline='', encoding='utf_8_sig') as fp: writer = csv.writer(fp) writer.writerow(last) pyautogui.scroll(-40, x=960, y=720) except Exception as e: print(str(e))
根据您提供的代码片段,可以对其进行一些优化。首先,可以将文件写入操作放在循环之外,减少频繁的文件写入操作。另外,可以使用更简洁的方法来处理XPath选择器的结果。以下是优化后的代码:
```python
import csv
import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from lxml import etree
# 创建一个Chrome浏览器实例
s = Service('path/to/chromedriver') # 将路径替换为你的chromedriver路径
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument('--headless') # 设置为无界面模式
browser = webdriver.Chrome(service=s, options=chrome_options)
# 打开登录页面,登录
for p in range(1, 1190):
try:
time.sleep(1)
html = etree.HTML(browser.page_source)
content_html = html.xpath('//div[@class="table-responsive"]/table/tbody[@class="data-table"]/tr')
result = []
for html_ in content_html:
No_id = html_.xpath('.//td[2]/text()')[0]
url2_list = html_.xpath('.//td[3]/div/text()')[0].replace('www.', '').rstrip('/')
category_list = '、'.join(html_.xpath('.//td[4]/div/div/div[1]/span/text()'))
performer_list = '$' + html_.xpath('.//td[10]/text()')[0]
last = [p, No_id, '', 'globexportal.net', url2_list, '', '', category_list, '', '平台', performer_list]
result.append(last)
print(last)
with open('globexportal.net.1.csv', 'a+', newline='', encoding='utf_8_sig') as fp:
writer = csv.writer(fp)
writer.writerows(result)
# 模拟滚动
actions = ActionChains(browser)
actions.move_by_offset(960, 720).perform()
actions.send_keys(Keys.PAGE_DOWN).perform()
actions.reset_actions()
except Exception as e:
print(str(e))
# 关闭浏览器
browser.quit()
```
在优化后的代码中,使用XPath选择器时,直接使用索引来获取结果列表中的第一个元素,避免了使用变量并进行多余的操作。另外,将需要写入CSV文件的数据存储在一个列表中,然后一次性写入文件,减少了频繁的文件写入操作。
请确保已经正确导入所需的模块,并根据您的实际情况进行适当的调整和修改。另外,需要注意根据您的实际需求进行Chrome浏览器实例的配置,如使用无界面模式等。