/etc/pam.d/su文件详解
时间: 2023-10-13 10:07:50 浏览: 70
/etc/pam.d/su文件是Linux系统中用于控制su命令的PAM(Pluggable Authentication Modules)配置文件。PAM是一个模块化的身份验证架构,可以用于管理不同类型的身份验证。
su命令可以让普通用户切换到超级用户(root)账户,但是需要输入root账户的密码。PAM框架通过在su命令运行时插入模块,来控制su命令的行为和安全性。
/etc/pam.d/su文件定义了su命令使用的PAM模块和它们的顺序。每个模块都有一个唯一的名称,例如auth、account、password和session。以下是/etc/pam.d/su文件的一些常见条目的含义:
- auth:控制身份验证。例如,检查用户的密码是否正确。
- account:控制用户账户的访问。例如,检查用户是否被禁用。
- password:控制密码的更改。例如,检查密码的复杂度。
- session:控制用户会话的创建和销毁。例如,设置用户环境变量。
每个条目都由一个或多个PAM模块组成。例如,auth条目可能包含pam_unix、pam_wheel和pam_faillock模块,它们分别用于检查用户密码、检查用户是否在wheel组中以及处理失败的登录尝试。
整个/etc/pam.d/su文件的目的是为了确保su命令只能由授权的用户使用,并且在使用超级用户权限时仍然保持安全。如果您想更改su命令的默认行为,可以编辑/etc/pam.d/su文件并更改PAM模块的顺序或添加新的模块。
相关问题
/etc/pam.d/su
This file is used by the PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules) system in Linux to configure the authentication policies for the su command. The su command is used to switch to another user account, usually the root user, in order to perform administrative tasks.
The /etc/pam.d/su file contains a set of rules that determine which authentication modules are used to authenticate the user when they run the su command. These rules can include requirements such as the use of a strong password, the presence of a valid user account, or the use of two-factor authentication.
The file typically contains a series of lines, each of which corresponds to a particular PAM module or set of modules. These modules are called in order, with each module providing a different type of authentication check. Each line specifies the name of the module, any parameters it requires, and whether or not it is required for authentication to be successful.
The /etc/pam.d/su file is an important part of securing a Linux system, as it determines who is allowed to run the su command and what authentication checks are required. It should be configured carefully to ensure that only authorized users are able to access administrative privileges on the system.
``` cp /etc/pam.d/su /etc/pam.d/su.bak cp /etc/pam.d/password-auth-ac /etc/pam.d/password-auth-ac.bak cp /etc/pam.d/system-auth /etc/pam.d/system-auth.bak cp /etc/login.defs /etc/login.defs.bak cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config.bak cp /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf.bak cp /etc/profile /etc/profile.bak cp /etc/motd /etc/motd.bak ```
这些命令是用来备份一些文件和配置的,具体解释如下:
1. `cp /etc/pam.d/su /etc/pam.d/su.bak`:备份/etc/pam.d/su文件为/etc/pam.d/su.bak。
2. `cp /etc/pam.d/password-auth-ac /etc/pam.d/password-auth-ac.bak`:备份/etc/pam.d/password-auth-ac文件为/etc/pam.d/password-auth-ac.bak。
3. `cp /etc/pam.d/system-auth /etc/pam.d/system-auth.bak`:备份/etc/pam.d/system-auth文件为/etc/pam.d/system-auth.bak。
4. `cp /etc/login.defs /etc/login.defs.bak`:备份/etc/login.defs文件为/etc/login.defs.bak。
5. `cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config.bak`:备份/etc/ssh/sshd_config文件为/etc/ssh/sshd_config.bak。
6. `cp /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf.bak`:备份/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf文件为/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf.bak。
7. `cp /etc/profile /etc/profile.bak`:备份/etc/profile文件为/etc/profile.bak。
8. `cp /etc/motd /etc/motd.bak`:备份/etc/motd文件为/etc/motd.bak。
这些命令将原始文件复制为后缀名为.bak的备份文件,以便在进行配置或修改之前可以恢复原始文件。