what is multiplicity crire example

Multiplicity in a programming context often refers to the concept of multiple inheritance or polymorphism. In object-oriented languages like C++, for instance, you can demonstrate multiplicity through an example with classes and interfaces.

Consider a hierarchy of animals:

1. **Animal** (abstract base class):
- Attributes: `name`, `age`
- Virtual method: `speak()`

2. **Mammal** (subclass of Animal):
- Adds: `breast_feeds()`

3. **Bird** (another subclass of Animal):
- Adds: `flies()`, `lays_eggs()`

4. **Dog** (specific Mammal):
- Overrides: `speak()` to bark

5. **Parrot** (specific Bird):
- Overrides: `speak()` to squawk, also implements `flies()` and `lays_eggs()`

Now, if you have a list of Animals and call `speak()` on each, the actual behavior will depend on the specific type of animal. For example:

Animal* zoo[] = {new Dog("Rex"), new Parrot("Polly")};

for (Animal* animal : zoo) {
    animal->speak(); // Outputs "Bark" for Dog and "Squawk" for Parrot
}

This demonstrates how a single interface (`Animal` in this case) can be implemented differently by different subclasses, showing multiplicity or polymorphism.