设计一个图书管理系统详细过程要有代码

好的，下面是一个简单的图书管理系统的设计和实现，包含C#代码和SQL Server数据库的建表语句，仅供参考：

1. 数据库设计

创建数据库：BookManagementSystem

创建用户表：User

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[User](
    [Id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
    [Username] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL,
    [Password] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL,
    [Email] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
    [Role] [int] NOT NULL,
    CONSTRAINT [PK_User] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
    (
        [Id] ASC
    )
)

其中，Role字段表示用户角色，0表示普通用户，1表示管理员。

创建图书表：Book

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Book](
    [Id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
    [Title] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL,
    [Author] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL,
    [Publisher] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL,
    [ISBN] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL,
    [Price] [money] NOT NULL,
    [Category] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL,
    [Stock] [int] NOT NULL,
    CONSTRAINT [PK_Book] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
    (
        [Id] ASC
    )
)

创建借阅记录表：BorrowRecord

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[BorrowRecord](
    [Id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
    [BookId] [int] NOT NULL,
    [UserId] [int] NOT NULL,
    [BorrowTime] [datetime] NOT NULL,
    [ReturnTime] [datetime] NULL,
    [Status] [int] NOT NULL,
    CONSTRAINT [PK_BorrowRecord] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
    (
        [Id] ASC
    )
)

其中，Status字段表示借阅状态，0表示已借未还，1表示已还。

2. 界面设计

使用Windows Forms实现图书管理系统界面，包含登录、注册、图书管理、借阅管理、数据统计等模块。

3. 功能实现

（1）用户管理模块

用户注册：

private void btnRegister_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    string username = txtUsername.Text.Trim();
    string password = txtPassword.Text.Trim();
    string email = txtEmail.Text.Trim();
    int role = 0; // 普通用户

    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(username) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(password))
    {
        MessageBox.Show("用户名或密码不能为空！");
        return;
    }

    // 判断用户名是否已存在
    if (UserService.GetUserByUsername(username) != null)
    {
        MessageBox.Show("该用户名已被注册！");
        return;
    }

    User user = new User
    {
        Username = username,
        Password = Common.MD5(password),
        Email = email,
        Role = role
    };

    if (UserService.AddUser(user))
    {
        MessageBox.Show("注册成功！");
        this.Close();
    }
    else
    {
        MessageBox.Show("注册失败，请稍后再试！");
    }
}

用户登录：

private void btnLogin_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    string username = txtUsername.Text.Trim();
    string password = txtPassword.Text.Trim();

    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(username) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(password))
    {
        MessageBox.Show("用户名或密码不能为空！");
        return;
    }

    User user = UserService.GetUserByUsername(username);

    if (user == null)
    {
        MessageBox.Show("该用户不存在！");
        return;
    }

    if (user.Password.Equals(Common.MD5(password)))
    {
        MessageBox.Show("登录成功！");
        this.Hide();
        MainForm mainForm = new MainForm(user);
        mainForm.ShowDialog();
        this.Close();
    }
    else
    {
        MessageBox.Show("密码错误！");
    }
}

（2）图书管理模块

添加图书：

private void btnAdd_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    string title = txtTitle.Text.Trim();
    string author = txtAuthor.Text.Trim();
    string publisher = txtPublisher.Text.Trim();
    string isbn = txtISBN.Text.Trim();
    decimal price = decimal.Parse(txtPrice.Text.Trim());
    string category = txtCategory.Text.Trim();
    int stock = int.Parse(txtStock.Text.Trim());

    Book book = new Book
    {
        Title = title,
        Author = author,
        Publisher = publisher,
        ISBN = isbn,
        Price = price,
        Category = category,
        Stock = stock
    };

    if (BookService.AddBook(book))
    {
        MessageBox.Show("添加成功！");
        LoadBooks();
    }
    else
    {
        MessageBox.Show("添加失败，请稍后再试！");
    }
}

查看图书：

private void dgvBooks_CellClick(object sender, DataGridViewCellEventArgs e)
{
    if (e.RowIndex < 0 || e.RowIndex >= dgvBooks.Rows.Count - 1)
    {
        return;
    }

    int bookId = int.Parse(dgvBooks.Rows[e.RowIndex].Cells["Id"].Value.ToString());
    Book book = BookService.GetBookById(bookId);

    if (book != null)
    {
        txtTitle.Text = book.Title;
        txtAuthor.Text = book.Author;
        txtPublisher.Text = book.Publisher;
        txtISBN.Text = book.ISBN;
        txtPrice.Text = book.Price.ToString();
        txtCategory.Text = book.Category;
        txtStock.Text = book.Stock.ToString();
    }
}

修改图书：

private void btnModify_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    int bookId = int.Parse(dgvBooks.SelectedRows[0].Cells["Id"].Value.ToString());
    string title = txtTitle.Text.Trim();
    string author = txtAuthor.Text.Trim();
    string publisher = txtPublisher.Text.Trim();
    string isbn = txtISBN.Text.Trim();
    decimal price = decimal.Parse(txtPrice.Text.Trim());
    string category = txtCategory.Text.Trim();
    int stock = int.Parse(txtStock.Text.Trim());

    Book book = new Book
    {
        Id = bookId,
        Title = title,
        Author = author,
        Publisher = publisher,
        ISBN = isbn,
        Price = price,
        Category = category,
        Stock = stock
    };

    if (BookService.UpdateBook(book))
    {
        MessageBox.Show("修改成功！");
        LoadBooks();
    }
    else
    {
        MessageBox.Show("修改失败，请稍后再试！");
    }
}

删除图书：

private void btnDelete_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    int bookId = int.Parse(dgvBooks.SelectedRows[0].Cells["Id"].Value.ToString());

    if (BookService.DeleteBook(bookId))
    {
        MessageBox.Show("删除成功！");
        LoadBooks();
    }
    else
    {
        MessageBox.Show("删除失败，请稍后再试！");
    }
}

（3）借阅管理模块

借阅图书：

private void btnBorrow_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    int bookId = int.Parse(dgvBooks.SelectedRows[0].Cells["Id"].Value.ToString());
    int userId = _user.Id;
    DateTime borrowTime = DateTime.Now;

    BorrowRecord borrowRecord = new BorrowRecord
    {
        BookId = bookId,
        UserId = userId,
        BorrowTime = borrowTime,
        ReturnTime = null,
        Status = 0 // 已借未还
    };

    if (BorrowRecordService.AddBorrowRecord(borrowRecord))
    {
        MessageBox.Show("借阅成功！");
        LoadBorrowRecords();
    }
    else
    {
        MessageBox.Show("借阅失败，请稍后再试！");
    }
}

归还图书：

private void btnReturn_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    int borrowRecordId = int.Parse(dgvBorrowRecords.SelectedRows[0].Cells["Id"].Value.ToString());
    DateTime returnTime = DateTime.Now;

    if (BorrowRecordService.ReturnBook(borrowRecordId, returnTime))
    {
        MessageBox.Show("归还成功！");
        LoadBorrowRecords();
    }
    else
    {
        MessageBox.Show("归还失败，请稍后再试！");
    }
}

（4）数据统计模块

查询图书借阅量：

private void btnQuery_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    string category = txtCategory.Text.Trim();
    int borrowCount = 0;

    List<Book> books = BookService.GetBooksByCategory(category);

    foreach (Book book in books)
    {
        borrowCount += BorrowRecordService.GetBorrowCountByBookId(book.Id);
    }

    MessageBox.Show($"该分类图书的借阅量为：{borrowCount}");
}

（5）系统设置模块

修改借阅期限：

private void btnSave_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    int days = int.Parse(txtDays.Text.Trim());

    if (SettingService.UpdateSetting("BorrowDays", days.ToString()))
    {
        MessageBox.Show("保存成功！");
    }
    else
    {
        MessageBox.Show("保存失败，请稍后再试！");
    }
}

4. 总结

上述代码仅为示例，具体实现方式可能因需求而异。在实际开发中，还需要考虑安全性、性能、可扩展性等方面的问题，如防止SQL注入、使用缓存技术、使用分布式架构等。