urllib.request
时间: 2023-07-24 11:51:26 浏览: 39
`urllib.request` 是 Python 标准库中用于发送 HTTP/HTTPS 请求的模块之一。它提供了用于打开 URL 的函数和类,以及处理 URL 编码和 Cookie 的工具。使用 `urllib.request` 可以实现发送 GET/POST 请求、设置请求头、处理响应等常用的 HTTP/HTTPS 操作。例如,在 Python 中获取一个网页的源代码,可以使用以下代码:
```python
import urllib.request
url = "https://www.example.com"
response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
html = response.read().decode('utf-8')
print(html)
```
这段代码会向 `https://www.example.com` 发送一个 GET 请求,并将响应内容作为字符串返回。其中,`urllib.request.urlopen()` 函数用于打开 URL,返回一个类似于文件的对象,可以通过调用 `read()` 方法读取响应内容。由于响应内容是字节类型,需要使用 `decode()` 方法将其转换成字符串。
相关问题
urllib.request.Request
urllib.request.Request is a class in the urllib.request module of Python's standard library. It is used to represent an HTTP request that can be sent to a server. The Request class allows you to specify the URL, headers, and other parameters for the request.
To create a Request object, you need to pass the URL of the request as the first argument. You can also provide additional parameters such as headers, data, and method using keyword arguments.
Here's an example of how to use urllib.request.Request:
```python
import urllib.request
url = "https://www.example.com"
headers = {
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3"
}
req = urllib.request.Request(url, headers=headers)
# Send the request and get the response
response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
# Read the response data
data = response.read()
# Print the response
print(data)
```
In this example, we create a Request object with a specified URL and headers. Then, we send the request using `urlopen()` and read the response data. Finally, we print the response.
Please note that this is a simplified example, and you can further customize the Request object by adding more parameters or modifying existing ones according to your specific needs.
urllib.request.Request和urllib.request.urlopen区别
`urllib.request.Request` 是一个构造器函数,用于构造一个HTTP请求对象。这个函数可以接收一个URL地址、一个数据字典和一些HTTP头信息。通过使用`urllib.request.Request`函数,我们可以创建一个HTTP请求对象,并在发送请求时传递给`urllib.request.urlopen`函数。
`urllib.request.urlopen` 函数是用于打开URL并读取数据的函数。该函数接收一个URL地址或一个`urllib.request.Request`对象并返回一个响应对象。响应对象包含有关响应的信息,如状态码、HTTP头和响应体。
因此,`urllib.request.Request`用于构造请求对象,而`urllib.request.urlopen`用于发送请求并获取响应对象。
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