dt = 1.0 # 采样时间 A = np.array([[1, dt, 0.5*dt*dt], [0, 1, dt], [0, 0, 1]]) # 状态转移矩阵 H = np.array([1, 0, 0]).reshape(1, 3) # 观测矩阵 Q = np.array([[0.05, 0.05, 0.0], [0.05, 0.1, 0.01], [0.0, 0.01, 0.01]]) # 过程噪声协方差矩阵 R = np.array([0.5]).reshape(1, 1) # 观测噪声协方差矩阵 P = np.eye(3) # 状态协方差矩阵 # 定义卡尔曼滤波函数 def kalman_filter(z): x_hat = np.zeros((3, 1)) # 初始状态向量 for i in range(len(z)): # 预测 x_hat_minus = np.dot(A, x_hat) P_minus = np.dot(np.dot(A, P), A.T) + Q # 更新 K = np.dot(np.dot(P_minus, H.T), np.linalg.inv(np.dot(np.dot(H, P_minus), H.T) + R)) x_hat = x_hat_minus + np.dot(K, (z[i] - np.dot(H, x_hat_minus))) P = np.dot((np.eye(3) - np.dot(K, H)), P_minus) return x_hat # 对每个方向的时序信号进行卡尔曼滤波 x_filt = kalman_filter(x)报错File "G:\project2\KSVD.py", line 36, in <module> x_filt = kalman_filter(x) File "G:\project2\KSVD.py", line 26, in kalman_filter P_minus = np.dot(np.dot(A, P), A.T) + Q UnboundLocalError: local variable 'P' referenced before assignment

这个错误是因为在函数内部使用了变量P，但没有将其定义为全局变量或者传递给函数。解决方法是在函数内部将P定义为全局变量，或者将其作为函数的参数传递进来。例如：

def kalman_filter(z, P):
    x_hat = np.zeros((3, 1))  # 初始状态向量
    for i in range(len(z)):
        # 预测
        x_hat_minus = np.dot(A, x_hat)
        P_minus = np.dot(np.dot(A, P), A.T) + Q
        # 更新
        K = np.dot(np.dot(P_minus, H.T), np.linalg.inv(np.dot(np.dot(H, P_minus), H.T) + R))
        x_hat = x_hat_minus + np.dot(K, (z[i] - np.dot(H, x_hat_minus)))
        P = np.dot((np.eye(3) - np.dot(K, H)), P_minus)
    return x_hat, P

P = np.eye(3)  # 初始状态协方差矩阵
x_filt, P = kalman_filter(x, P)