使用C++写一个回合制卡牌游戏，有一个简单的界面，要使用封装、继承和多态，有基本的Role类，派生出Hero类和Monster类，要有名字、攻击力、防御力、血量、最大血量、暴击率、闪避率、掉落率

好的，我来为您提供一个简单的回合制卡牌游戏的代码示例，满足您的要求。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>

using namespace std;

// 基类 Role
class Role {
public:
    Role(string name, int attack, int defense, int hp, int maxHp, float critRate, float dodgeRate, float dropRate) :
        m_name(name), m_attack(attack), m_defense(defense), m_hp(hp), m_maxHp(maxHp),
        m_critRate(critRate), m_dodgeRate(dodgeRate), m_dropRate(dropRate) {}

    // 获取名字
    string getName() const {
        return m_name;
    }

    // 获取攻击力
    int getAttack() const {
        return m_attack;
    }

    // 获取防御力
    int getDefense() const {
        return m_defense;
    }

    // 获取血量
    int getHp() const {
        return m_hp;
    }

    // 获取最大血量
    int getMaxHp() const {
        return m_maxHp;
    }

    // 获取暴击率
    float getCritRate() const {
        return m_critRate;
    }

    // 获取闪避率
    float getDodgeRate() const {
        return m_dodgeRate;
    }

    // 获取掉落率
    float getDropRate() const {
        return m_dropRate;
    }

    // 攻击对手
    virtual void attack(Role* opponent) {}

    // 显示状态
    virtual void showStatus() {}

protected:
    string m_name;          // 名字
    int m_attack;           // 攻击力
    int m_defense;          // 防御力
    int m_hp;               // 血量
    int m_maxHp;            // 最大血量
    float m_critRate;       // 暴击率
    float m_dodgeRate;      // 闪避率
    float m_dropRate;       // 掉落率
};

// 派生类 Hero
class Hero : public Role {
public:
    Hero(string name, int attack, int defense, int hp, int maxHp, float critRate, float dodgeRate, float dropRate) :
        Role(name, attack, defense, hp, maxHp, critRate, dodgeRate, dropRate) {}

    // 攻击对手
    virtual void attack(Role* opponent) {
        cout << "英雄 " << m_name << " 攻击 " << opponent->getName() << endl;
        if (rand() % 100 < m_critRate * 100) {  // 判断是否暴击
            int damage = m_attack * 2 - opponent->getDefense();
            if (damage < 0) {
                damage = 0;
            }
            opponent->takeDamage(damage);
            cout << "暴击！造成 " << damage << " 点伤害" << endl;
        }
        else if (rand() % 100 < opponent->getDodgeRate() * 100) {  // 判断是否闪避
            cout << opponent->getName() << " 闪避了攻击" << endl;
        }
        else {
            int damage = m_attack - opponent->getDefense();
            if (damage < 0) {
                damage = 0;
            }
            opponent->takeDamage(damage);
            cout << "造成 " << damage << " 点伤害" << endl;
        }
    }

    // 显示状态
    virtual void showStatus() {
        cout << "英雄 " << m_name << "：" << endl;
        cout << "攻击力：" << m_attack << endl;
        cout << "防御力：" << m_defense << endl;
        cout << "血量：" << m_hp << "/" << m_maxHp << endl;
        cout << "暴击率：" << m_critRate << endl;
        cout << "闪避率：" << m_dodgeRate << endl;
        cout << "掉落率：" << m_dropRate << endl;
    }

protected:
    // 扣除伤害
    void takeDamage(int damage) {
        m_hp -= damage;
        if (m_hp < 0) {
            m_hp = 0;
        }
    }
};

// 派生类 Monster
class Monster : public Role {
public:
    Monster(string name, int attack, int defense, int hp, int maxHp, float critRate, float dodgeRate, float dropRate) :
        Role(name, attack, defense, hp, maxHp, critRate, dodgeRate, dropRate) {}

    // 攻击对手
    virtual void attack(Role* opponent) {
        cout << "怪物 " << m_name << " 攻击 " << opponent->getName() << endl;
        if (rand() % 100 < m_critRate * 100) {  // 判断是否暴击
            int damage = m_attack * 2 - opponent->getDefense();
            if (damage < 0) {
                damage = 0;
            }
            opponent->takeDamage(damage);
            cout << "暴击！造成 " << damage << " 点伤害" << endl;
        }
        else if (rand() % 100 < opponent->getDodgeRate() * 100) {  // 判断是否闪避
            cout << opponent->getName() << " 闪避了攻击" << endl;
        }
        else {
            int damage = m_attack - opponent->getDefense();
            if (damage < 0) {
                damage = 0;
            }
            opponent->takeDamage(damage);
            cout << "造成 " << damage << " 点伤害" << endl;
        }
    }

    // 显示状态
    virtual void showStatus() {
        cout << "怪物 " << m_name << "：" << endl;
        cout << "攻击力：" << m_attack << endl;
        cout << "防御力：" << m_defense << endl;
        cout << "血量：" << m_hp << "/" << m_maxHp << endl;
        cout << "暴击率：" << m_critRate << endl;
        cout << "闪避率：" << m_dodgeRate << endl;
        cout << "掉落率：" << m_dropRate << endl;
    }

protected:
    // 扣除伤害
    void takeDamage(int damage) {
        m_hp -= damage;
        if (m_hp < 0) {
            m_hp = 0;
        }
    }
};

// 简单的界面实现
void showMenu() {
    cout << "====================" << endl;
    cout << "1. 开始游戏" << endl;
    cout << "2. 退出游戏" << endl;
    cout << "====================" << endl;
}

int main() {
    srand(time(NULL));  // 随机数种子
    Hero hero("小明", 20, 10, 100, 100, 0.1, 0.1, 0.5);  // 创建英雄
    Monster monster("小怪", 10, 5, 50, 50, 0.05, 0.05, 0.2);  // 创建怪物

    int choice;
    do {
        showMenu();
        cout << "请选择：";
        cin >> choice;

        switch (choice) {
        case 1:
            while (hero.getHp() > 0 && monster.getHp() > 0) {  // 战斗循环
                hero.attack(&monster);
                if (monster.getHp() > 0) {  // 怪物还活着
                    monster.attack(&hero);
                }
            }

            if (hero.getHp() > 0) {  // 英雄胜利
                cout << "战斗胜利！获得 " << monster.getDropRate() * 100 << "% 掉落" << endl;
            }
            else {  // 怪物胜利
                cout << "战斗失败！" << endl;
            }

            hero.showStatus();  // 显示英雄状态
            monster.showStatus();  // 显示怪物状态
            break;
        case 2:
            cout << "再见！" << endl;
            break;
        default:
            cout << "输入错误，请重新选择！" << endl;
            break;
        }
    } while (choice != 2);

    return 0;
}

这个示例中，我们定义了一个基类 `Role`，并派生出了 `Hero` 和 `Monster` 两个类。它们都具有名字、攻击力、防御力、血量、最大血量、暴击率、闪避率和掉落率等属性，同时还实现了攻击对手和显示状态两个虚函数。这里我们使用了多态，使得在战斗中可以直接调用基类的攻击函数，而不必关心是英雄还是怪物。

在主函数中，我们创建了一个英雄和一个怪物，然后通过简单的界面实现，让玩家选择是否开始游戏。在游戏开始后，我们让英雄和怪物互相攻击，直到其中一方血量归零为止。战斗结束后，我们根据胜利方显示对应的信息，并输出英雄和怪物的状态。