def drop_path(x, drop_prob: float = 0., training: bool = False, scale_by_keep: bool = True): """Drop paths (Stochastic Depth) per sample (when applied in main path of residual blocks). This is the same as the DropConnect impl I created for EfficientNet, etc networks, however, the original name is misleading as 'Drop Connect' is a different form of dropout in a separate paper... See discussion: https://github.com/tensorflow/tpu/issues/494#issuecomment-532968956 ... I've opted for changing the layer and argument names to 'drop path' rather than mix DropConnect as a layer name and use 'survival rate' as the argument. """ if drop_prob == 0. or not training: return x keep_prob = 1 - drop_prob shape = (x.shape[0],) + (1,) * (x.ndim - 1) # work with diff dim tensors, not just 2D ConvNets random_tensor = x.new_empty(shape).bernoulli_(keep_prob) if keep_prob > 0.0 and scale_by_keep: random_tensor.div_(keep_prob) return x * random_tensor

def add_noise(img, noise_type='s&p', SNR=0.1, prob=0.5): """ img: PIL.Image，输入的图像 noise_type: str，噪声类型，可选的有：'gaussian', 'poisson', 's&p'，默认为's&p' SNR: float，信噪比，取值范围为[0, 1]，默认为0.1 prob: float，噪声添加的概率，取值范围为[0, 1]，默认为0.5 """ img = np.array(img) h, w, c = img.shape # 生成噪声 if noise_type == 'gaussian': noise = np.random.normal(0, 1, (h, w, c)) * 255 * (1 - SNR) elif noise_type == 'poisson': noise = np.random.poisson(255 * (1 - SNR), (h, w, c)) / (255 * (1 - SNR)) elif noise_type == 's&p': noise = np.zeros((h, w, c)) # 添加椒盐噪声 for i in range(h): for j in range(w): rand = random.random() if rand < prob: noise[i, j, :] = 0 elif rand > 1 - prob: noise[i, j, :] = 255 else: noise[i, j, :] = img[i, j, :] # 将图像和噪声相加 img_noise = img + noise img_noise = np.clip(img_noise, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8) img_noise = Image.fromarray(img_noise) return img_noise

prob参数是椒盐噪声的概率，在0到1之间取值，它表示在每个像素点上添加椒盐噪声的概率。具体实现上，这段代码首先将输入的PIL图像转换为numpy数组，然后根据噪声类型和信噪比生成对应的噪声。对于椒盐噪声，它在...

# 训练 def train_crack_captcha_cnn(): output = crack_captcha_cnn() # loss #loss = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(logits=output, labels=Y)) loss = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.sigmoid_cross_entropy_with_logits(logits=output, labels=Y)) # 最后一层用来分类的softmax和sigmoid有什么不同？ # optimizer 为了加快训练 learning_rate应该开始大，然后慢慢衰 optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate=0.002).minimize(loss) predict = tf.reshape(output, [-1, MAX_CAPTCHA, CHAR_SET_LEN]) max_idx_p = tf.argmax(predict, 2) max_idx_l = tf.argmax(tf.reshape(Y, [-1, MAX_CAPTCHA, CHAR_SET_LEN]), 2) correct_pred = tf.equal(max_idx_p, max_idx_l) accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_pred, tf.float32)) saver = tf.train.Saver() with tf.Session() as sess: sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer()) step = 0 while True: batch_x, batch_y = get_next_batch(64) _, loss_ = sess.run([optimizer, loss], feed_dict={X: batch_x, Y: batch_y, keep_prob: 0.75, train_phase:True}) print(step, loss_) # 每100 step计算一次准确率 if step % 100 == 0 and step != 0: batch_x_test, batch_y_test = get_next_batch(100) acc = sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={X: batch_x_test, Y: batch_y_test, keep_prob: 1., train_phase:False}) print(f"第{step}步，训练准确率为：{acc:.4f}") # 如果准确率大60%,保存模型,完成训练 if acc > 0.6: saver.save(sess, "crack_capcha.model", global_step=step) break step += 1 怎么没有输出结果

在代码中，optimizer 使用的是 Adam 优化器，learning_rate 初始值为 0.002，且会随着训练的进行而逐渐衰减。在训练过程中，每 100 步计算一次准确率，并在准确率大于 0.6 时保存模型并结束训练。至于为什么没有输出...

# New module: utils.pyimport torchfrom torch import nnclass ConvBlock(nn.Module): """A convolutional block consisting of a convolution layer, batch normalization layer, and ReLU activation.""" def init(self, in_chans, out_chans, drop_prob): super().init() self.conv = nn.Conv2d(in_chans, out_chans, kernel_size=3, padding=1) self.bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_chans) self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True) self.dropout = nn.Dropout2d(p=drop_prob) def forward(self, x): x = self.conv(x) x = self.bn(x) x = self.relu(x) x = self.dropout(x) return x# Refactored U-Net modelfrom torch import nnfrom utils import ConvBlockclass UnetModel(nn.Module): """PyTorch implementation of a U-Net model.""" def init(self, in_chans, out_chans, chans, num_pool_layers, drop_prob, pu_args=None): super().init() PUPS.init(self, pu_args) self.in_chans = in_chans self.out_chans = out_chans self.chans = chans self.num_pool_layers = num_pool_layers self.drop_prob = drop_prob # Calculate input and output channels for each ConvBlock ch_list = [chans] + [chans 2 ** i for i in range(num_pool_layers - 1)] in_chans_list = [in_chans] + [ch_list[i] for i in range(num_pool_layers - 1)] out_chans_list = ch_list[::-1] # Create down-sampling layers self.down_sample_layers = nn.ModuleList() for i in range(num_pool_layers): self.down_sample_layers.append(ConvBlock(in_chans_list[i], out_chans_list[i], drop_prob)) # Create up-sampling layers self.up_sample_layers = nn.ModuleList() for i in range(num_pool_layers - 1): self.up_sample_layers.append(ConvBlock(out_chans_list[i], out_chans_list[i + 1] // 2, drop_prob)) self.up_sample_layers.append(ConvBlock(out_chans_list[-1], out_chans_list[-1], drop_prob)) # Create final convolution layer self.conv2 = nn.Sequential( nn.Conv2d(out_chans_list[-1], out_chans_list[-1] // 2, kernel_size=1), nn.Conv2d(out_chans_list[-1] // 2, out_chans, kernel_size=1), nn.Conv2d(out_chans, out_chans, kernel_size=1), ) def forward(self, x): # Down-sampling path encoder_outs = [] for layer in self.down_sample_layers: x = layer(x) encoder_outs.append(x) x = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2)(x) # Bottom layer x = self.conv(x) # Up-sampling path for i, layer in enumerate(self.up_sample_layers): x = nn.functional.interpolate(x, scale_factor=2, mode='bilinear', align_corners=True) x = torch.cat([x, encoder_outs[-(i + 1)]], dim=1) x = layer(x) # Final convolution layer x = self.conv2(x) return x

... ... 3. 使用了 nn.functional.interpolate 对 feature map 进行了上采样，避免了使用 nn.ConvTranspose2d 带来的一些问题。 ...4. 在最后的卷积层中，使用了 nn.Sequential 对多个卷积层进行了封装，使得代码更加简洁...

import numpy as np from sklearn.datasets import load_iris from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # 加载 iris 数据 iris = load_iris() # 只选取两个特征和两个类别进行二分类 X = iris.data[(iris.target==0)|(iris.target==1), :2] y = iris.target[(iris.target==0)|(iris.target==1)] # 将标签转化为 0 和 1 y[y==0] = -1 # 将数据集分为训练集和测试集 X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2, random_state=42) # 实现逻辑回归算法 class LogisticRegression: def init(self, lr=0.01, num_iter=100000, fit_intercept=True, verbose=False): self.lr = lr self.num_iter = num_iter self.fit_intercept = fit_intercept self.verbose = verbose def __add_intercept(self, X): intercept = np.ones((X.shape[0], 1)) return np.concatenate((intercept, X), axis=1) def sigmoid(self, z): return 1 / (1 + np.exp(-z)) def loss(self, h, y): return (-y * np.log(h) - (1 - y) * np.log(1 - h)).mean() def fit(self, X, y): if self.fit_intercept: X = self.__add_intercept(X) # 初始化参数 self.theta = np.zeros(X.shape[1]) for i in range(self.num_iter): # 计算梯度 z = np.dot(X, self.theta) h = self.sigmoid(z) gradient = np.dot(X.T, (h - y)) / y.size # 更新参数 self.theta -= self.lr * gradient # 打印损失函数 if self.verbose and i % 10000 == 0: z = np.dot(X, self.theta) h = self.sigmoid(z) loss = self.__loss(h, y) print(f"Loss: {loss} \t") def predict_prob(self, X): if self.fit_intercept: X = self.__add_intercept(X) return self.__sigmoid(np.dot(X, self.theta)) def predict(self, X, threshold=0.5): return self.predict_prob(X) >= threshold # 训练模型 model = LogisticRegressio

n() model.fit(X_train, y_train) # 在测试集上进行预测 y_pred = model.predict(X_test) ...plt.scatter(X_test[:, 0], X_test[:, 1], c=y_pred) plt.show() 请问这段代码实现了什么功能？

LDAM损失函数pytorch代码如下：class LDAMLoss(nn.Module): def init(self, cls_num_list, max_m=0.5, weight=None, s=30): super(LDAMLoss, self).init() m_list = 1.0 / np.sqrt(np.sqrt(cls_num_list)) m_list = m_list * (max_m / np.max(m_list)) m_list = torch.cuda.FloatTensor(m_list) self.m_list = m_list assert s > 0 self.s = s if weight is not None: weight = torch.FloatTensor(weight).cuda() self.weight = weight self.cls_num_list = cls_num_list def forward(self, x, target): index = torch.zeros_like(x, dtype=torch.uint8) index_float = index.type(torch.cuda.FloatTensor) batch_m = torch.matmul(self.m_list[None, :], index_float.transpose(1,0)) # 0,1 batch_m = batch_m.view((16, 1)) # size=(batch_size, 1) (-1,1) x_m = x - batch_m output = torch.where(index, x_m, x) if self.weight is not None: output = output * self.weight[None, :] target = torch.flatten(target) # 将 target 转换成 1D Tensor logit = output * self.s return F.cross_entropy(logit, target, weight=self.weight) 模型部分参数如下：# 设置全局参数 model_lr = 1e-5 BATCH_SIZE = 16 EPOCHS = 50 DEVICE = torch.device('cuda:0' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu') use_amp = True use_dp = True classes = 7 resume = None CLIP_GRAD = 5.0 Best_ACC = 0 #记录最高得分 use_ema=True model_ema_decay=0.9998 start_epoch=1 seed=1 seed_everything(seed) # 数据增强 mixup mixup_fn = Mixup( mixup_alpha=0.8, cutmix_alpha=1.0, cutmix_minmax=None, prob=0.1, switch_prob=0.5, mode='batch', label_smoothing=0.1, num_classes=classes) 帮我用pytorch实现模型在模型训练中使用LDAM损失函数

def forward(self, x): x = F.relu(self.bn1(self.conv1(x))) x = F.max_pool2d(x, 2) x = F.relu(self.bn2(self.conv2(x))) x = F.max_pool2d(x, 2) x = F.relu(self.bn3(self.conv3(x))) x = F.max_pool2d...

LDAM损失函数pytorch代码如下：class LDAMLoss(nn.Module): def init(self, cls_num_list, max_m=0.5, weight=None, s=30): super(LDAMLoss, self).init() m_list = 1.0 / np.sqrt(np.sqrt(cls_num_list)) m_list = m_list * (max_m / np.max(m_list)) m_list = torch.cuda.FloatTensor(m_list) self.m_list = m_list assert s > 0 self.s = s if weight is not None: weight = torch.FloatTensor(weight).cuda() self.weight = weight self.cls_num_list = cls_num_list def forward(self, x, target): index = torch.zeros_like(x, dtype=torch.uint8) index_float = index.type(torch.cuda.FloatTensor) batch_m = torch.matmul(self.m_list[None, :], index_float.transpose(1,0)) # 0,1 batch_m = batch_m.view((16, 1)) # size=(batch_size, 1) (-1,1) x_m = x - batch_m output = torch.where(index, x_m, x) if self.weight is not None: output = output * self.weight[None, :] target = torch.flatten(target) # 将 target 转换成 1D Tensor logit = output * self.s return F.cross_entropy(logit, target, weight=self.weight) 模型部分参数如下：# 设置全局参数 model_lr = 1e-5 BATCH_SIZE = 16 EPOCHS = 50 DEVICE = torch.device('cuda:0' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu') use_amp = True use_dp = True classes = 7 resume = None CLIP_GRAD = 5.0 Best_ACC = 0 #记录最高得分 use_ema=True model_ema_decay=0.9998 start_epoch=1 seed=1 seed_everything(seed) # 数据增强 mixup mixup_fn = Mixup( mixup_alpha=0.8, cutmix_alpha=1.0, cutmix_minmax=None, prob=0.1, switch_prob=0.5, mode='batch', label_smoothing=0.1, num_classes=classes) # 读取数据集 dataset_train = datasets.ImageFolder('/home/adminis/hpy/ConvNextV2_Demo/RAF-DB/RAF/train', transform=transform) dataset_test = datasets.ImageFolder("/home/adminis/hpy/ConvNextV2_Demo/RAF-DB/RAF/valid", transform=transform_test)# 导入数据 train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dataset_train, batch_size=BATCH_SIZE, shuffle=True,drop_last=True) test_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dataset_test, batch_size=BATCH_SIZE, shuffle=False) 帮我用pytorch实现模型在模型训练中使用LDAM损失函数

x = x.view(x.size(0), -1) x = self.classifier(x) return x # 设置超参数 model_lr = 1e-4 BATCH_SIZE = 16 EPOCHS = 50 DEVICE = torch.device('cuda:0' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu') use_amp =...

解释代码fully_train: pipe_step: type: TrainPipeStep models_folder: "{local_base_path}/output/nas/" trainer: ref: nas.trainer epochs: 600 lr_scheduler: type: CosineAnnealingLR params: T_max: 600.0 eta_min: 0 loss: type: MixAuxiliaryLoss params: loss_base: type: CrossEntropyLoss aux_weight: 0.4 seed: 100 drop_path_prob: 0.2 evaluator: type: Evaluator host_evaluator: type: HostEvaluator metric: type: accuracy

这段代码是一个 YAML 配置文件，用于训练一个神经网络模型。下面是对其中的几个配置项的解释： - models_folder: 模型的保存路径。 - trainer: 训练器的配置，包括训练的 epoch 数量、学习率的调度器、损失函数...

with tf.Session() as sess: sess.run(init) saver = tf.train.Saver() train_writer = tf.summary.FileWriter(log_dir+'/train',sess.graph) test_writer = tf.summary.FileWriter(log_dir+'/test') step = 1 coord = tf.train.Coordinator() threads = tf.train.start_queue_runners(sess, coord) print('doing1') # Keep training until reach max iterations try: while step * batch_size <= training_iters: # print('doing2') batch_xs, batch_ys = sess.run([hrrp_batch, label_batch]) # print(batch_xs.shape) # print(batch_ys.shape) # 获取批数据 sess.run(optimizer, feed_dict={x: batch_xs, y: batch_ys, keep_prob: dropout}) if step % display_step == 0: summary= sess.run(merged, feed_dict={x: batch_xs, y: batch_ys, keep_prob: 1.}) test_writer.add_summary(summary, step) # 计算精度 acc = sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={x: batch_xs, y: batch_ys, keep_prob: 1.}) # 计算损失值 loss = sess.run(cost, feed_dict={x: batch_xs, y: batch_ys, keep_prob: 1.}) 所选择的特征是

在这段代码中，没有涉及到特征的选择。这段代码是用于在 TensorFlow 中训练一个神经网络模型的。在这段代码中，使用了一个数据队列来读取数据，其中 hrrp_batch 和 label_batch 是从数据队列中读取的批量数据。...

def choose_action(self, state): state = np.array([state]) # 先转成数组再转tensor更高效 state = torch.tensor(state, dtype=torch.float).to(self.device) dist = self.actor(state) value = self.critic(state) action = dist.sample() probs = torch.squeeze(dist.log_prob(action)).item() if self.continuous: action = torch.tanh(action) else: action = torch.squeeze(action).item() value = torch.squeeze(value).item() return action, probs, value

这是一个神经网络中的 actor-critic 算法，用于在强化学习中选择行动。其中，state 是当前状态，actor 输出一个概率分布，表示在当前状态下选择每个行动的概率；critic 输出当前状态下的价值估计。...

def init_params(self, data): self.data = data self.n_dim = data.shape[1] self.n_sample = data.shape[0] ## 1.采用了Kmeans初始化 km = KMeans(self.n_class) km.fit(self.data) self.mus = [] for ind in range(self.n_class): self.mus.append(np.mean(self.data[km.labels_ == ind], axis=0)) self.vars = [] for ind in range(self.n_class): self.vars.append(np.cov(self.data[km.labels_ == ind], rowvar=False)) self.class_prob = np.random.rand(self.n_class) self.class_prob = self.class_prob / np.sum(self.class_prob)这段代码作用

这段代码实现了一个高斯混合模型（GMM）的参数初始化过程。GMM是一种用于聚类和密度估计的模型，它将数据看作是由多个高斯分布组成的混合体，每个高斯分布对应一个聚类中心。参数初始化过程中，该代码采用了Kmeans...

class detection: def init(self): self.bbox = box() self.classes = int() self.prob = [] self.mask = [] self.objectness = float() self.sort_class = int()

- prob: 一个列表，表示检测到的物体属于每个类别的概率； - mask: 一个列表，表示检测到的物体的掩码； - objectness: 一个浮点型变量，表示检测到的物体的objectness得分； - sort_class: 一个整型变量，...

class GRUNet(nn.Module): def init(self, input_dim, hidden_dim, output_dim, n_layers, drop_prob=0.2): super(GRUNet, self).init() self.hidden_dim = hidden_dim self.n_layers = n_layers self.gru = nn.GRU(input_dim, hidden_dim, n_layers, batch_first=True, dropout=drop_prob) self.fc = nn.Linear(hidden_dim, output_dim) self.relu = nn.ReLU() def forward(self, x, h): out, h = self.gru(x, h) out = self.fc(self.relu(out[:, -1])) return out, h def init_hidden(self, batch_size): weight = next(self.parameters()).data hidden = weight.new(self.n_layers, batch_size, self.hidden_dim).zero_().to(device) return hidden

使用nn.GRU()函数创建一个GRU层，其中input_dim表示输入特征的维度，hidden_dim表示隐藏层的维度，n_layers表示GRU层数，batch_first=True表示输入的第一维为批次大小，dropout=drop_prob表示dropout...

import os import json import torch from PIL import Image from torchvision import transforms from model import resnet34 def main(): device = torch.device("cuda:0" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu") data_transform = transforms.Compose( [transforms.Resize(256), transforms.CenterCrop(224), transforms.ToTensor(), transforms.Normalize([0.485, 0.456, 0.406], [0.229, 0.224, 0.225])]) # load image # 指向需要遍历预测的图像文件夹 imgs_root = "../dataset/val" assert os.path.exists(imgs_root), f"file: '{imgs_root}' dose not exist." # 读取指定文件夹下所有jpg图像路径 img_path_list = [os.path.join(imgs_root, i) for i in os.listdir(imgs_root) if i.endswith(".jpg")] # read class_indict json_path = './class_indices.json' assert os.path.exists(json_path), f"file: '{json_path}' dose not exist." json_file = open(json_path, "r") class_indict = json.load(json_file) # create model model = resnet34(num_classes=16).to(device) # load model weights weights_path = "./newresNet34.pth" assert os.path.exists(weights_path), f"file: '{weights_path}' dose not exist." model.load_state_dict(torch.load(weights_path, map_location=device)) # prediction model.eval() batch_size = 8 # 每次预测时将多少张图片打包成一个batch with torch.no_grad(): for ids in range(0, len(img_path_list) // batch_size): img_list = [] for img_path in img_path_list[ids * batch_size: (ids + 1) * batch_size]: assert os.path.exists(img_path), f"file: '{img_path}' dose not exist." img = Image.open(img_path) img = data_transform(img) img_list.append(img) # batch img # 将img_list列表中的所有图像打包成一个batch batch_img = torch.stack(img_list, dim=0) # predict class output = model(batch_img.to(device)).cpu() predict = torch.softmax(output, dim=1) probs, classes = torch.max(predict, dim=1) for idx, (pro, cla) in enumerate(zip(probs, classes)): print("image: {} class: {} prob: {:.3}".format(img_path_list[ids * batch_size + idx], class_indict[str(cla.numpy())], pro.numpy())) if name == 'main': main()

这段代码实现了导入必要的包和模块，包括操作系统、JSON、PyTorch、PIL及其转换模块、还有定义的resnet34模型。在主函数中，首先根据可用GPU情况使用cuda或cpu作为设备，然后定义数据的处理流程，包括缩放、剪裁、...

@app.route('/diseases_bpnn', methods=["POST"]) def diseases_bp_app(): request = flask.request if request.headers.getlist("X-Forwarded-For"): ip = request.headers.getlist("X-Forwarded-For")[-1] else: ip = request.remote_addr print(">>>>>>>>ip:{}<<<<<<<<<<".format(ip)) returnData = {} params = request.json input = diseases_preprocessing(params["input"]) pred = F.softmax(diseases_bpnn(torch.from_numpy(input).float()), dim=1)[0][1] returnData['prob'] = f'{pred:.4f}' return returnData

非常好的问题！这段代码看起来像是一个 Flask web 应用程序的一部分，用于调用一个疾病的 BPNN 模型。该程序首先获取来自 POST 请求的 JSON 数据，然后使用该数据进行预处理。接下来，程序通过 PyTorch 框架加载 ...

VaR方法：理解金融风险的最大潜在损失

其中，\( \text{Prob} \) 表示概率，\( \Delta P = P(t + \Delta t) - P(t) \) 是组合在未来持有期内的损失，\( P(t) \) 是当前时刻组合的价值，\( c \) 是置信度水平，通常取95%或99%。例如，如果95%的置信度下，...

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class detection: def __init__(self): self.bbox = box() self.classes = int() self.prob = [] self.mask = [] self.objectness = float() self.sort_class = int()

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