app.config.update(SECRET_KEY='123456')

这是 Flask 框架中用于设置应用程序配置的一个方法。`app.config` 是一个配置对象，它包含了应用程序中所有的配置信息。`update` 方法可以用来更新配置对象中的键值对，其参数是一个字典，表示要更新的键值对。

在这个例子中，`SECRET_KEY` 是 Flask 中的一个特殊配置项，用于加密客户端的 cookie 数据。这里我们将其设置为字符串 `'123456'`。在实际应用中，我们应该使用一个强随机数或者其它安全的字符串来代替这个简单的字符串。

相关问题

请给我一个flask 发送邮件的案例

好的，以下是一个使用 Flask 发送邮件的示例代码：

from flask import Flask, render_template, request, flash
from flask_mail import Mail, Message

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.update(
    DEBUG=True,
    MAIL_SERVER='smtp.gmail.com',
    MAIL_PORT=587,
    MAIL_USE_TLS=True,
    MAIL_USERNAME='your_email@gmail.com',
    MAIL_PASSWORD='your_password'
)
app.secret_key = 'secret_key'

mail = Mail(app)

@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def home():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        name = request.form['name']
        email = request.form['email']
        message = request.form['message']
        
        # Send email
        msg = Message(subject='Message from your website',
                      sender=app.config.get('MAIL_USERNAME'),
                      recipients=[email])
        msg.body = f'Hello {name},\n\nThank you for contacting us. Your message has been received and we will get back to you as soon as possible.\n\nBest regards,\nYour website team\n\nYour message: {message}'
        mail.send(msg)
        
        flash('Your message has been sent successfully!')
        return render_template('home.html')
    return render_template('home.html')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

在上面的代码中，我们首先配置了 Flask-Mail 所需的参数，包括 SMTP 服务器地址、端口号、是否启用 TLS 加密、发件人邮箱和密码。然后，我们创建了一个名为 `mail` 的 `Mail` 对象，并将其与 Flask 应用程序 `app` 关联。

接下来，我们定义了一个名为 `home` 的路由函数，用于处理用户提交的表单数据。当用户提交表单时，我们首先从 `request.form` 中获取用户输入的姓名、邮箱和消息。然后，我们创建一个 `Message` 对象，设置邮件主题、发件人和收件人，并将消息内容添加到邮件正文中。最后，我们使用 `mail.send()` 方法发送邮件，并使用 Flask 的 `flash()` 函数提示用户消息已成功发送。

最后，我们在 `if __name__ == '__main__':` 代码块中启动应用程序。

flask框架搭建个人博客源代码

很高兴为您解答。以下是使用Flask框架搭建个人博客的源代码：

1. 首先，安装Flask框架和其他必要的库：

pip install Flask
pip install Flask-WTF
pip install Flask-Login
pip install Flask-Bcrypt
pip install Flask-Mail
pip install Flask-Bootstrap
pip install Flask-Moment
pip install Flask-SQLAlchemy

2. 创建一个名为app.py的文件，并添加以下代码：

from flask import Flask, render_template
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from flask_bcrypt import Bcrypt
from flask_login import LoginManager
from flask_mail import Mail
from flask_bootstrap import Bootstrap
from flask_moment import Moment

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'your_secret_key_here'
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:///site.db'
db = SQLAlchemy(app)
bcrypt = Bcrypt(app)
login_manager = LoginManager(app)
login_manager.login_view = 'login'
login_manager.login_message_category = 'info'
app.config['MAIL_SERVER'] = 'smtp.googlemail.com'
app.config['MAIL_PORT'] = 587
app.config['MAIL_USE_TLS'] = True
app.config['MAIL_USERNAME'] = 'your_email_here'
app.config['MAIL_PASSWORD'] = 'your_email_password_here'
mail = Mail(app)
bootstrap = Bootstrap(app)
moment = Moment(app)

from your_app_name_here import routes

3. 创建一个名为routes.py的文件，并添加以下代码：

from flask import render_template, url_for, flash, redirect
from your_app_name_here import app, db, bcrypt, mail
from your_app_name_here.forms import RegistrationForm, LoginForm, UpdateAccountForm, PostForm, RequestResetForm, ResetPasswordForm
from your_app_name_here.models import User, Post
from flask_login import login_user, current_user, logout_user, login_required
from flask_mail import Message
from PIL import Image
import secrets
import os

@app.route("/")
@app.route("/home")
def home():
    page = request.args.get('page', 1, type=int)
    posts = Post.query.order_by(Post.date_posted.desc()).paginate(page=page, per_page=5)
    return render_template('home.html', posts=posts)

@app.route("/about")
def about():
    return render_template('about.html', title='About')

@app.route("/register", methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def register():
    if current_user.is_authenticated:
        return redirect(url_for('home'))
    form = RegistrationForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        hashed_password = bcrypt.generate_password_hash(form.password.data).decode('utf-8')
        user = User(username=form.username.data, email=form.email.data, password=hashed_password)
        db.session.add(user)
        db.session.commit()
        flash('Your account has been created! You are now able to log in', 'success')
        return redirect(url_for('login'))
    return render_template('register.html', title='Register', form=form)

@app.route("/login", methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    if current_user.is_authenticated:
        return redirect(url_for('home'))
    form = LoginForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        user = User.query.filter_by(email=form.email.data).first()
        if user and bcrypt.check_password_hash(user.password, form.password.data):
            login_user(user, remember=form.remember.data)
            next_page = request.args.get('next')
            return redirect(next_page) if next_page else redirect(url_for('home'))
        else:
            flash('Login Unsuccessful. Please check email and password', 'danger')
    return render_template('login.html', title='Login', form=form)

@app.route("/logout")
def logout():
    logout_user()
    return redirect(url_for('home'))

def save_picture(form_picture):
    random_hex = secrets.token_hex(8)
    _, f_ext = os.path.splitext(form_picture.filename)
    picture_fn = random_hex + f_ext
    picture_path = os.path.join(app.root_path, 'static/profile_pics', picture_fn)
    output_size = (125, 125)
    i = Image.open(form_picture)
    i.thumbnail(output_size)
    i.save(picture_path)
    return picture_fn

@app.route("/account", methods=['GET', 'POST'])
@login_required
def account():
    form = UpdateAccountForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        if form.picture.data:
            picture_file = save_picture(form.picture.data)
            current_user.image_file = picture_file
        current_user.username = form.username.data
        current_user.email = form.email.data
        db.session.commit()
        flash('Your account has been updated!', 'success')
        return redirect(url_for('account'))
    elif request.method == 'GET':
        form.username.data = current_user.username
        form.email.data = current_user.email
    image_file = url_for('static', filename='profile_pics/' + current_user.image_file)
    return render_template('account.html', title='Account',
                           image_file=image_file, form=form)

@app.route("/post/new", methods=['GET', 'POST'])
@login_required
def new_post():
    form = PostForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        post = Post(title=form.title.data, content=form.content.data, author=current_user)
        db.session.add(post)
        db.session.commit()
        flash('Your post has been created!', 'success')
        return redirect(url_for('home'))
    return render_template('create_post.html', title='New Post',
                           form=form, legend='New Post')

@app.route("/post/<int:post_id>")
def post(post_id):
    post = Post.query.get_or_404(post_id)
    return render_template('post.html', title=post.title, post=post)

@app.route("/post/<int:post_id>/update", methods=['GET', 'POST'])
@login_required
def update_post(post_id):
    post = Post.query.get_or_404(post_id)
    if post.author != current_user:
        abort(403)
    form = PostForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        post.title = form.title.data
        post.content = form.content.data
        db.session.commit()
        flash('Your post has been updated!', 'success')
        return redirect(url_for('post', post_id=post.id))
    elif request.method == 'GET':
        form.title.data = post.title
        form.content.data = post.content
    return render_template('create_post.html', title='Update Post',
                           form=form, legend='Update Post')

@app.route("/post/<int:post_id>/delete", methods=['POST'])
@login_required
def delete_post(post_id):
    post = Post.query.get_or_404(post_id)
    if post.author != current_user:
        abort(403)
    db.session.delete(post)
    db.session.commit()
    flash('Your post has been deleted!', 'success')
    return redirect(url_for('home'))

def send_reset_email(user):
    token = user.get_reset_token()
    msg = Message('Password Reset Request',
                  sender='noreply@demo.com',
                  recipients=[user.email])
    msg.body = f'''To reset your password, visit the following link:
{url_for('reset_token', token=token, _external=True)}

If you did not make this request then simply ignore this email and no changes will be made.
'''
    mail.send(msg)

@app.route("/reset_password", methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def reset_request():
    if current_user.is_authenticated:
        return redirect(url_for('home'))
    form = RequestResetForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        user = User.query.filter_by(email=form.email.data).first()
        send_reset_email(user)
        flash('An email has been sent with instructions to reset your password.', 'info')
        return redirect(url_for('login'))
    return render_template('reset_request.html', title='Reset Password', form=form)

@app.route("/reset_password/<token>", methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def reset_token(token):
    if current_user.is_authenticated:
        return redirect(url_for('home'))
    user = User.verify_reset_token(token)
    if user is None:
        flash('That is an invalid or expired token', 'warning')
        return redirect(url_for('reset_request'))
    form = ResetPasswordForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
        hashed_password = bcrypt.generate_password_hash(form.password.data).decode('utf-8')
        user.password = hashed_password
        db.session.commit()
        flash('Your password has been updated! You are now able to log in', 'success')
        return redirect(url_for('login'))
    return render_template('reset_token.html', title='Reset Password', form=form)

4. 创建一个名为models.py的文件，并添加以下代码：

from datetime import datetime
from your_app_name_here import db, login_manager
from flask_login import UserMixin
from itsdangerous import TimedJSONWebSignatureSerializer as Serializer
from flask import current_app

@login_manager.user_loader
def load_user(user_id):
    return User.query.get(int(user_id))

class User(db.Model, UserMixin):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    username = db.Column(db.String(20), unique=True, nullable=False)
    email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True, nullable=False)
    image_file = db.Column(db.String(20), nullable=False, default='default.jpg')
    password = db.Column(db.String(60), nullable=False)
    posts = db.relationship('Post', backref='author', lazy=True)

    def get_reset_token(self, expires_sec=1800):
        s = Serializer(current_app.config['SECRET_KEY'], expires_sec)
        return s.dumps({'user_id': self.id}).decode('utf-8')

    @staticmethod
    def verify_reset_token(token):
        s = Serializer(current_app.config['SECRET_KEY'])
        try:
            user_id = s.loads(token)['user_id']
        except:
            return None
        return User.query.get(user_id)

    def __repr__(self):
        return f"User('{self.username}', '{self.email}', '{self.image_file}')"

class Post(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    title = db.Column(db.String(100), nullable=False)
    date_posted = db.Column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, default=datetime.utcnow)
    content = db.Column(db.Text, nullable=False)
    user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'), nullable=False)

    def __repr__(self):
        return f"Post('{self.title}', '{self.date_posted}')"

5. 创建一个名为forms.py的文件，并添加以下代码：

from flask_wtf import FlaskForm
from flask_wtf.file import FileField, FileAllowed
from flask_login import current_user
from wtforms import StringField, PasswordField, SubmitField, BooleanField, TextAreaField
from wtforms.validators import DataRequired, Length, Email, EqualTo, ValidationError
from your_app_name_here.models import User
from flask_wtf.recaptcha import RecaptchaField

class RegistrationForm(FlaskForm):
    username = StringField('Username',
                           validators=[DataRequired(), Length(min=2, max=20)])
    email = StringField('Email',
                        validators=[DataRequired(), Email()])
    password = PasswordField('Password', validators=[DataRequired()])
    confirm_password = PasswordField('Confirm Password',
                                     validators=[DataRequired(), EqualTo('password')])
    recaptcha = RecaptchaField()
    submit = SubmitField('Sign Up')

    def validate_username(self, username):
        user = User.query.filter_by(username=username.data).first()
        if user:
            raise ValidationError('That username is taken. Please choose a different one.')

    def validate_email(self, email):
        user = User.query.filter_by(email=email.data).first()
        if user:
            raise ValidationError('That email is taken. Please choose a different one.')

class LoginForm(FlaskForm):
    email = StringField('Email',
                        validators=[DataRequired(), Email()])
    password = PasswordField('Password', validators=[DataRequired()])
    remember = BooleanField('Remember Me')
    submit = SubmitField('Login')

class UpdateAccountForm(FlaskForm):
    username = StringField('Username',
                           validators=[DataRequired(), Length(min=2, max=20)])
    email = StringField('Email',
                        validators=[DataRequired(), Email()])
    picture = FileField('Update Profile Picture', validators=[FileAllowed(['jpg', 'png'])])
    submit = SubmitField('Update')

    def validate_username(self, username):
        if username.data != current_user.username:
            user = User.query.filter_by(username=username.data).first()
            if user:
                raise ValidationError('That username is taken. Please choose a different one.')

    def validate_email(self, email):
        if email.data != current_user.email:
            user = User.query.filter_by(email=email.data).first()
            if user:
                raise ValidationError('That email is taken. Please choose a different one.')

class PostForm(FlaskForm):
    title = StringField('Title', validators=[DataRequired()])
    content = TextAreaField('Content', validators=[DataRequired()])
    submit = SubmitField('Post')

class RequestResetForm(FlaskForm):
    email = StringField('Email',
                        validators=[DataRequired(), Email()])
    submit = SubmitField('Request Password Reset')

    def validate_email(self, email):
        user = User.query.filter_by(email=email.data).first()
        if user is None:
            raise ValidationError('There is no account with that email. You must register first.')

class ResetPasswordForm(FlaskForm):
    password = PasswordField('Password', validators=[DataRequired()])
    confirm_password = PasswordField('Confirm Password',
                                     validators=[DataRequired(), EqualTo('password')])
    submit = SubmitField('Reset Password')

6. 创建一个名为templates的文件夹，并在其中创建以下HTML文件：

home.html：

{% extends "layout.html" %}
{% block content %}
  {% for post in posts.items %}
    <article class="media content-section">
      <img class="rounded-circle article-img" src="{{ url_for('static', filename='profile_pics/' + post.author.image_file) }}">
      <div class="media-body">
        <div class="article-metadata">
          <a class="mr-2" href="{{ url_for('user_posts', username=post.author.username) }}">{{ post.author.username }}</a>
          <small class="text-muted">{{ post.date_posted.strftime('%Y-%m-%d') }}</small>
        </div>
        <h2><a class="article-title" href="{{ url_for('post', post_id=post.id) }}">{{ post.title }}</a></h2>
        <p class="article-content">{{ post.content }}</p>
      </div>
    </article>
  {% endfor %}
  <div class="pagination">
    {% if posts.has_prev %}
      <a class="btn btn-outline-info mb-4"