请写出一段将一段英文进行哈夫曼编码的程序。使用C语言
时间: 2024-03-22 13:38:58 浏览: 18
以下是一个简单的使用C语言将一段英文进行哈夫曼编码的程序:
```c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MAX_TREE_HT 100
typedef struct MinHeapNode {
char data;
unsigned freq;
struct MinHeapNode *left, *right;
} MinHeapNode;
typedef struct MinHeap {
unsigned size;
unsigned capacity;
MinHeapNode** array;
} MinHeap;
MinHeapNode* newNode(char data, unsigned freq) {
MinHeapNode* node = (MinHeapNode*) malloc(sizeof(MinHeapNode));
node->left = node->right = NULL;
node->data = data;
node->freq = freq;
return node;
}
MinHeap* createMinHeap(unsigned capacity) {
MinHeap* minHeap = (MinHeap*) malloc(sizeof(MinHeap));
minHeap->size = 0;
minHeap->capacity = capacity;
minHeap->array = (MinHeapNode**) malloc(minHeap->capacity * sizeof(MinHeapNode*));
return minHeap;
}
void swapMinHeapNode(MinHeapNode** a, MinHeapNode** b) {
MinHeapNode* t = *a;
*a = *b;
*b = t;
}
void minHeapify(MinHeap* minHeap, int idx) {
int smallest = idx;
int left = 2 * idx + 1;
int right = 2 * idx + 2;
if (left < minHeap->size && minHeap->array[left]->freq < minHeap->array[smallest]->freq) {
smallest = left;
}
if (right < minHeap->size && minHeap->array[right]->freq < minHeap->array[smallest]->freq) {
smallest = right;
}
if (smallest != idx) {
swapMinHeapNode(&minHeap->array[smallest], &minHeap->array[idx]);
minHeapify(minHeap, smallest);
}
}
int isSizeOne(MinHeap* minHeap) {
return (minHeap->size == 1);
}
MinHeapNode* extractMin(MinHeap* minHeap) {
MinHeapNode* temp = minHeap->array[0];
minHeap->array[0] = minHeap->array[minHeap->size - 1];
--minHeap->size;
minHeapify(minHeap, 0);
return temp;
}
void insertMinHeap(MinHeap* minHeap, MinHeapNode* minHeapNode) {
++minHeap->size;
int i = minHeap->size - 1;
while (i && minHeapNode->freq < minHeap->array[(i - 1) / 2]->freq) {
minHeap->array[i] = minHeap->array[(i - 1) / 2];
i = (i - 1) / 2;
}
minHeap->array[i] = minHeapNode;
}
void buildMinHeap(MinHeap* minHeap) {
int n = minHeap->size - 1;
int i;
for (i = (n - 1) / 2; i >= 0; --i) {
minHeapify(minHeap, i);
}
}
void printArr(int arr[], int n) {
int i;
for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
printf("%d", arr[i]);
}
printf("\n");
}
int isLeaf(MinHeapNode* root) {
return !(root->left) && !(root->right);
}
MinHeap* createAndBuildMinHeap(char data[], int freq[], int size) {
MinHeap* minHeap = createMinHeap(size);
for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
minHeap->array[i] = newNode(data[i], freq[i]);
}
minHeap->size = size;
buildMinHeap(minHeap);
return minHeap;
}
MinHeapNode* buildHuffmanTree(char data[], int freq[], int size) {
MinHeapNode *left, *right, *top;
MinHeap* minHeap = createAndBuildMinHeap(data, freq, size);
while (!isSizeOne(minHeap)) {
left = extractMin(minHeap);
right = extractMin(minHeap);
top = newNode('$', left->freq + right->freq);
top->left = left;
top->right = right;
insertMinHeap(minHeap, top);
}
return extractMin(minHeap);
}
void printCodes(MinHeapNode* root, int arr[], int top) {
if (root->left) {
arr[top] = 0;
printCodes(root->left, arr, top + 1);
}
if (root->right) {
arr[top] = 1;
printCodes(root->right, arr, top + 1);
}
if (isLeaf(root)) {
printf("%c: ", root->data);
printArr(arr, top);
}
}
void HuffmanCodes(char data[], int freq[], int size) {
MinHeapNode* root = buildHuffmanTree(data, freq, size);
int arr[MAX_TREE_HT], top = 0;
printCodes(root, arr, top);
}
int main() {
char data[] = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'};
int freq[] = {5, 9, 12, 13, 16, 45};
int size = sizeof(data) / sizeof(data[0]);
HuffmanCodes(data, freq, size);
return 0;
}
```
在此示例中,我们使用哈夫曼算法对字符数组 `data` 进行编码,并将其对应的编码打印出来。
程序的输出将类似于:
```
a: 1100
b: 1101
c: 100
d: 101
e: 111
f: 0
```
这表明字符 `a` 的编码为 `1100`,字符 `b` 的编码为 `1101`,以此类推。