常用排序算法的python实现,时间复杂度和空间复杂度评估
时间: 2023-06-23 10:54:39 浏览: 190
基于python的排序算法实现
下面是常用的几种排序算法的Python实现,以及它们的时间复杂度和空间复杂度评估:
1. 冒泡排序
```python
def bubble_sort(arr):
n = len(arr)
for i in range(n):
for j in range(0, n-i-1):
if arr[j] > arr[j+1]:
arr[j], arr[j+1] = arr[j+1], arr[j]
return arr
```
时间复杂度:$O(n^2)$,空间复杂度:$O(1)$
2. 插入排序
```python
def insertion_sort(arr):
n = len(arr)
for i in range(1, n):
key = arr[i]
j = i - 1
while j >= 0 and key < arr[j]:
arr[j+1] = arr[j]
j -= 1
arr[j+1] = key
return arr
```
时间复杂度:$O(n^2)$,空间复杂度:$O(1)$
3. 选择排序
```python
def selection_sort(arr):
n = len(arr)
for i in range(n):
min_idx = i
for j in range(i+1, n):
if arr[j] < arr[min_idx]:
min_idx = j
arr[i], arr[min_idx] = arr[min_idx], arr[i]
return arr
```
时间复杂度:$O(n^2)$,空间复杂度:$O(1)$
4. 快速排序
```python
def quick_sort(arr):
if len(arr) <= 1:
return arr
pivot = arr[0]
left = [x for x in arr[1:] if x < pivot]
right = [x for x in arr[1:] if x >= pivot]
return quick_sort(left) + [pivot] + quick_sort(right)
```
时间复杂度:$O(n\log n)$,空间复杂度:$O(n)$
5. 归并排序
```python
def merge_sort(arr):
if len(arr) <= 1:
return arr
mid = len(arr) // 2
left = merge_sort(arr[:mid])
right = merge_sort(arr[mid:])
return merge(left, right)
def merge(left, right):
res = []
i, j = 0, 0
while i < len(left) and j < len(right):
if left[i] <= right[j]:
res.append(left[i])
i += 1
else:
res.append(right[j])
j += 1
res += left[i:]
res += right[j:]
return res
```
时间复杂度:$O(n\log n)$,空间复杂度:$O(n)$
6. 堆排序
```python
def heap_sort(arr):
n = len(arr)
for i in range(n//2-1, -1, -1):
heapify(arr, n, i)
for i in range(n-1, 0, -1):
arr[i], arr[0] = arr[0], arr[i]
heapify(arr, i, 0)
return arr
def heapify(arr, n, i):
largest = i
l = 2 * i + 1
r = 2 * i + 2
if l < n and arr[l] > arr[largest]:
largest = l
if r < n and arr[r] > arr[largest]:
largest = r
if largest != i:
arr[i], arr[largest] = arr[largest], arr[i]
heapify(arr, n, largest)
```
时间复杂度:$O(n\log n)$,空间复杂度:$O(1)$
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