用c++写一个满足下列条件的算法给出n个学生的考试成绩表，每条记录由学号、姓名和分数和名次组成，设计算法完成下列操作: (1)设计一个显示对学生信息操作的菜单函数如下所示: **** * * 1、录入学生基本信息 2、直接插入排序 3、冒泡排序 4、快速排序 5、简单选择排序 6、堆排序 7、输出学生信息 0、退出 (2)算法设计要求:按分数从高到低的顺序进行排序，分数相同的为同一名次。

以下是一个基于C++的算法，可以实现对学生信息的录入、排序和输出操作：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

struct Student {
    string id;
    string name;
    int score;
    int rank;
};

void input(Student* students, int n) {
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "个学生的信息：" << endl;
        cout << "学号：";
        cin >> students[i].id;
        cout << "姓名：";
        cin >> students[i].name;
        cout << "分数：";
        cin >> students[i].score;
    }
}

void direct_insert_sort(Student* students, int n) {
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
        Student temp = students[i];
        int j = i - 1;
        while (j >= 0 && students[j].score < temp.score) {
            students[j + 1] = students[j];
            j--;
        }
        students[j + 1] = temp;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        if (i == 0 || students[i].score != students[i - 1].score) {
            students[i].rank = i + 1;
        } else {
            students[i].rank = students[i - 1].rank;
        }
    }
}

void bubble_sort(Student* students, int n) {
    for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < n - i - 1; j++) {
            if (students[j].score < students[j + 1].score) {
                swap(students[j], students[j + 1]);
            }
        }
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        if (i == 0 || students[i].score != students[i - 1].score) {
            students[i].rank = i + 1;
        } else {
            students[i].rank = students[i - 1].rank;
        }
    }
}

void quick_sort(Student* students, int left, int right) {
    if (left >= right) return;
    int i = left, j = right;
    Student pivot = students[left];
    while (i < j) {
        while (i < j && students[j].score <= pivot.score) {
            j--;
        }
        students[i] = students[j];
        while (i < j && students[i].score >= pivot.score) {
            i++;
        }
        students[j] = students[i];
    }
    students[i] = pivot;
    quick_sort(students, left, i - 1);
    quick_sort(students, i + 1, right);
    for (int k = 0; k < right - left + 1; k++) {
        if (k == 0 || students[left + k].score != students[left + k - 1].score) {
            students[left + k].rank = left + k + 1;
        } else {
            students[left + k].rank = students[left + k - 1].rank;
        }
    }
}

void simple_select_sort(Student* students, int n) {
    for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
        int min_index = i;
        for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {
            if (students[j].score > students[min_index].score) {
                min_index = j;
            }
        }
        if (min_index != i) {
            swap(students[i], students[min_index]);
        }
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        if (i == 0 || students[i].score != students[i - 1].score) {
            students[i].rank = i + 1;
        } else {
            students[i].rank = students[i - 1].rank;
        }
    }
}

void adjust_heap(Student* students, int i, int n) {
    int child = 2 * i + 1;
    while (child < n) {
        if (child + 1 < n && students[child + 1].score > students[child].score) {
            child++;
        }
        if (students[i].score < students[child].score) {
            swap(students[i], students[child]);
            i = child;
            child = 2 * i + 1;
        } else {
            break;
        }
    }
}

void heap_sort(Student* students, int n) {
    for (int i = n / 2 - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
        adjust_heap(students, i, n);
    }
    for (int i = n - 1; i > 0; i--) {
        swap(students[0], students[i]);
        adjust_heap(students, 0, i);
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        if (i == 0 || students[i].score != students[i - 1].score) {
            students[i].rank = i + 1;
        } else {
            students[i].rank = students[i - 1].rank;
        }
    }
}

void output(const Student* students, int n) {
    cout << "学号\t姓名\t分数\t名次" << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        cout << students[i].id << "\t" << students[i].name << "\t" << students[i].score << "\t" << students[i].rank << endl;
    }
}

int main() {
    int n = 0;
    cout << "请输入学生人数：";
    cin >> n;
    Student* students = new Student[n];
    int choice = -1;
    while (choice != 0) {
        cout << "请选择操作：" << endl;
        cout << "1、录入学生基本信息" << endl;
        cout << "2、直接插入排序" << endl;
        cout << "3、冒泡排序" << endl;
        cout << "4、快速排序" << endl;
        cout << "5、简单选择排序" << endl;
        cout << "6、堆排序" << endl;
        cout << "7、输出学生信息" << endl;
        cout << "0、退出" << endl;
        cin >> choice;
        switch (choice) {
            case 1:
                input(students, n);
                break;
            case 2:
                direct_insert_sort(students, n);
                cout << "排序完成！" << endl;
                break;
            case 3:
                bubble_sort(students, n);
                cout << "排序完成！" << endl;
                break;
            case 4:
                quick_sort(students, 0, n - 1);
                cout << "排序完成！" << endl;
                break;
            case 5:
                simple_select_sort(students, n);
                cout << "排序完成！" << endl;
                break;
            case 6:
                heap_sort(students, n);
                cout << "排序完成！" << endl;
                break;
            case 7:
                output(students, n);
                break;
            case 0:
                cout << "程序已退出！" << endl;
                break;
            default:
                cout << "输入有误，请重新输入！" << endl;
                break;
        }
    }
    delete[] students;
    return 0;
}

以上算法实现了对学生信息的录入、六种排序算法和学生信息的输出。其中，直接插入排序、冒泡排序、快速排序、简单选择排序和堆排序均实现了按照分数从高到低排序，并将分数相同的学生排在同一名次。在排序完成后，算法会输出每个学生的学号、姓名、分数和名次。