Django 使用asgi启动的,如果添加channels实现消息推送后,asgi.py文件如何修改?
时间: 2024-11-04 07:11:02 浏览: 25
Django默认使用ASGI(Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface)来处理非阻塞I/O,当添加WebSocket支持以实现实时消息推送时,需要对`asgi.py`文件进行一些调整。以下是通常的步骤:
1. 安装必要的库:首先确保已安装了如`daphne`(Django Channels的Websocket服务器)和`channels`包,可以使用pip安装:
```
pip install daphne channels
```
2. 配置`asgi.py`:在`asgi.py`中,你需要导入相关的配置模块,并创建一个`application`实例。这是一个示例:
```python
import os
from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application
from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter, URLRouter
from channels.auth import AuthMiddlewareStack
from myapp.routing import websocket_urlpatterns
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'myproject.settings')
application = ProtocolTypeRouter({
"http": get_asgi_application(),
# WebSocket设置
"websocket": AuthMiddlewareStack(
URLRouter(websocket_urlpatterns)
),
})
```
这里的`myapp.routing.websocket_urlpatterns`是你自定义的消息路由模块,它应该包含针对WebSocket请求的视图函数。
3. 消息传递路由:在`myapp.routing`中,创建一个包含WebSocket路由的视图,例如:
```python
from channels.generic.websocket import AsyncWebsocketConsumer
class MyMessageConsumer(AsyncWebsocketConsumer):
async def connect(self):
await self.accept()
print("New user connected")
async def disconnect(self, close_code):
print("User disconnected", close_code)
async def receive(self, text_data):
message = text_data
await self.send(text_data=message)
```
4. 运行应用:最后,在命令行中运行Daphne,监听指定端口,以便接收WebSocket连接:
```bash
python manage.py run_daphne myproject.asgi.application --port <your_port>
```
阅读全文