import requests import os from bs4 import BeautifulSoup class book_spider(): def __init__(self,root_url): self.root_url=root_url self.book_list=[] #一级页面中获取的数据（二级页面地址）存放在此列表 self.chapter_list=[] #二级页面中获取的数据（三级页面网址和章节名称）存放此列表 def get_url(self,url): while True: try: res=requests.get(url) if res.status_code==200: #返回http请求状态码 200为正常 res.encoding = res.apparent_encoding #页面编码方式使用页面声明的编码方式 print("页面获取成功！") return res.text else: print("页面返回异常！",res.status_code) except: print("页面获取错误！") def get_book_list(self,url): res =self.get_url(url) html=BeautifulSoup(res,"html.parser") a_list = html.find_all("a",{"class":"name"}) for a in a_list: self.book_list.append(a["href"]) self.book_list=[self.root_url+i for i in self.book_list] self.book_list.remove("http://10.1.88.252:7000/庆余年") def get_chapter_list(self,url): res =self.get_url(url) html = BeautifulSoup(res,"html.parser") a_list = html.find_all("a",{"class":"chapter"}) for a in a_list: self.chapter_list.append((a["href"],a.text.replace("\n",""))) def get_content(self,chapter): url =self.root_url +chapter[0] print(url) book_name = chapter[0].split("/")[1] print(book_name) if not os.path.exists(book_name): os.mkdir(book_name) res =self.get_url(url) html = BeautifulSoup(res,"html.parser") content = html.find("div",{"id":"content"}).text print(content) path=os.path.join(book_name,chapter[1]) with open(path,"w",encoding="utf8")as f: f.write(content) def main(self): self.get_book_list(self.root_url) for book in self.book_list: self.get_chapter_list(book) for chapter in self.chapter_list: self.get_content(chapter) book_s= book_spider("http://10.1.88.252:7000") book_s.main()代码解读

这段代码是一个爬虫程序，其目的是爬取一本小说的章节内容并保存到本地文件中。

首先定义了一个book_spider类，初始化时需要传入一个根URL作为参数。该类包含三个方法：

1. get_url(self, url)：获取指定URL的页面内容，并返回页面的HTML文本。

2. get_book_list(self, url)：获取一级页面中的数据（即小说章节列表），并将二级页面地址存入self.book_list列表中。

3. get_chapter_list(self, url)：获取二级页面中的数据（即章节名和章节内容所在的网址），并将其存入self.chapter_list列表中。

另外还有一个主函数main()，其中调用了上述三个方法，遍历self.chapter_list列表中的每个元素（即章节名和网址），调用get_content()方法获取章节内容，并将其保存到本地文件中。

整个爬虫程序的流程是先获取小说章节列表，再通过章节列表获取每个章节的内容并保存到本地文件中。

相关问题

import requests import os from bs4 import BeautifulSoup class book_spider(): def __init__(self,root_url): self.root_url=root_url self.book_list=[] #一级页面中获取的数据（二级页面地址）存放于此列表 self.chapter_list=[] #二级页面中获取的数据（三级页面地址和章节名）存放于此列表 def get_url(url): while True: try: res=requests.get(url) if res.status_code==200: res.encoding =res.apparent_encoding print("页面获取成功") return res.text else: print("页面返回异常",res.status_code) except: print("页面获取错误") def get_book_list(self.url): res = self.get_url(url) html = BeautifulSoup(res,"html.parser") a_list = html.find_all("a",{"class":"name"}) for a in a_list: self.book_list.append(a["href"]) self.book_list = [self.root_url+i for i in self.bbok_list] self.book_list.remove('http://10.1.88.252:7000/庆余年') print(book_list) def get_chapter_list(self,url): res = self.get_url(url) html = BeautifulSoup(res,"html.parser") a_list = html.find_all("a",{"class":"chapter"}) for a in a_list: self.chapter_list.append((a["href"],a.text.replace("\n",""))) def get_content(self.chapter): url = self.root_url + chapter[0] print(url) book_name = chapter[0].split("/")[1] print(book_name) if not os.path.exists(book_name): os.mkdir(book_name) res = self.get_url(url) html = BeautifulSoup(res,"html.parser") content = html.find("div",{"id":"content"}).text print(content) path = os.path.join(book_name,chapter[1]) with open(path,"w",encoding="utf8") as f: f.write(content) def main(): self.get_book_list(self.root_url) for book in self.book_list: self.get_chapter_liat(book) for chapter in chapter_list: self.get_content(chapter) book_s = book_spider("http://10.1.88.252:7000") book_s.main()这是一段爬虫代码，找出里面的错误并改正

有以下几个错误：

1. 在 `get_url` 方法中，需要在 `self` 参数之前添加 `@staticmethod` 装饰器，使其成为静态方法。

2. 在 `get_book_list` 方法中，`print(book_list)` 应该改为 `print(self.book_list)`，因为 `book_list` 是类成员变量。

3. 在 `get_book_list` 方法中，将 `self.bbok_list` 改为 `self.book_list`。

4. 在 `get_chapter_list` 方法中，将 `self.chapter_list.append((a["href"],a.text.replace("\n","")))` 改为 `self.chapter_list.append((self.root_url+a["href"],a.text.replace("\n","")))`，因为需要获取完整的章节链接。

5. 在 `get_content` 方法中，将 `print(url)` 和 `print(book_name)` 改为注释，因为这些是调试信息。

改正后的代码如下：

import requests 
import os 
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup  

class book_spider():
    def __init__(self,root_url):
        self.root_url=root_url
        self.book_list=[]
        self.chapter_list=[]

    @staticmethod
    def get_url(url):
        while True:
            try:
                res=requests.get(url)
                if res.status_code==200:
                    res.encoding =res.apparent_encoding
                    print("页面获取成功")
                    return res.text
                else:
                    print("页面返回异常",res.status_code)
            except:
                print("页面获取错误")

    def get_book_list(self,url):
        res = self.get_url(url)
        html = BeautifulSoup(res,"html.parser")
        a_list = html.find_all("a",{"class":"name"})
        for a in a_list:
            self.book_list.append(self.root_url + a["href"])
        self.book_list.remove('http://10.1.88.252:7000/庆余年')
        print(self.book_list)

    def get_chapter_list(self,url):
        res = self.get_url(url)
        html = BeautifulSoup(res,"html.parser")
        a_list = html.find_all("a",{"class":"chapter"})
        for a in a_list:
            self.chapter_list.append((self.root_url+a["href"],a.text.replace("\n","")))

    def get_content(self,chapter):
        url = chapter[0]
        book_name = chapter[0].split("/")[1]
        if not os.path.exists(book_name):
            os.mkdir(book_name)
        res = self.get_url(url)
        html = BeautifulSoup(res,"html.parser")
        content = html.find("div",{"id":"content"}).text
        path = os.path.join(book_name,chapter[1])
        with open(path,"w",encoding="utf8") as f:
            f.write(content)

    def main(self):
        self.get_book_list(self.root_url)
        for book in self.book_list:
            self.get_chapter_list(book)
        for chapter in self.chapter_list:
            self.get_content(chapter)

book_s = book_spider("http://10.1.88.252:7000")
book_s.main()

帮我把一下代码设置一个合理请求头，并加入一个延时import requests import os from bs4 import BeautifulSoup class NovelDownloader: def __init__(self, root_url): self.root_url = root_url self.book_list = [] self.chapter_list = [] def get_url(self, url): while True: try: res = requests.get(url) if res.status_code == 200: print("页面获取成功！") return res.text else: print("页面返回异常！", res.status_code) except: print("页面获取错误！") def get_book_list(self): res = self.get_url(self.root_url) html = BeautifulSoup(res, "html.parser") a_list = html.find_all("a", {"class": "name"}) for a in a_list: self.book_list.append(a["href"]) self.book_list = [self.root_url + i for i in self.book_list] self.book_list.remove('http://www.biquge5200.cc/') def get_chapter_list(self, url): res = self.get_url(url) html = BeautifulSoup(res, "html.parser") a_list = html.find_all("a", {"class": "chapter"}) for a in a_list: self.chapter_list.append((a["href"], a.text.replace("\n", ""))) def get_content(self, chapter): url = self.root_url + chapter[0] print(url) book_name = chapter[0].split("/")[1] print(book_name) if not os.path.exists(book_name): os.mkdir(book_name) res = self.get_url(url) html = BeautifulSoup(res, "html.parser") content = html.find("div", {"id": "content"}).text print(content) path = os.path.join(book_name, chapter[1]) with open(path, "w", encoding="utf8") as f: f.write(content) def main(self): self.get_book_list() for book in self.book_list: self.get_chapter_list(book) for chapter in self.chapter_list: self.get_content(chapter) if __name__ == '__main__': root_url = "http://www.biquge5200.cc/" nd = NovelDownloader(root_url) nd.main()

好的，我可以帮你添加一个合理的请求头和延时。在 `get_url` 方法中，你可以添加一个请求头字典，来模拟浏览器发送请求。同时，在每次请求后添加一个时间延时，避免频繁请求被网站屏蔽。

修改后的代码如下所示：

import requests
import os
import time
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

class NovelDownloader:
    def __init__(self, root_url):
        self.root_url = root_url
        self.book_list = []
        self.chapter_list = []
        self.headers = {
            "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3"
        } # 添加请求头

    def get_url(self, url):
        while True:
            try:
                res = requests.get(url, headers=self.headers)
                if res.status_code == 200:
                    print("页面获取成功！")
                    return res.text
                else:
                    print("页面返回异常！", res.status_code)
            except:
                print("页面获取错误！")
            time.sleep(1) # 添加延时

    def get_book_list(self):
        res = self.get_url(self.root_url)
        html = BeautifulSoup(res, "html.parser")
        a_list = html.find_all("a", {"class": "name"})
        for a in a_list:
            self.book_list.append(a["href"])
        self.book_list = [self.root_url + i for i in self.book_list]
        self.book_list.remove('http://www.biquge5200.cc/')

    def get_chapter_list(self, url):
        res = self.get_url(url)
        html = BeautifulSoup(res, "html.parser")
        a_list = html.find_all("a", {"class": "chapter"})
        for a in a_list:
            self.chapter_list.append((a["href"], a.text.replace("\n", "")))

    def get_content(self, chapter):
        url = self.root_url + chapter[0]
        print(url)
        book_name = chapter[0].split("/")[1]
        print(book_name)
        if not os.path.exists(book_name):
            os.mkdir(book_name)
        res = self.get_url(url)
        html = BeautifulSoup(res, "html.parser")
        content = html.find("div", {"id": "content"}).text
        print(content)
        path = os.path.join(book_name, chapter[1])
        with open(path, "w", encoding="utf8") as f:
            f.write(content)

    def main(self):
        self.get_book_list()
        for book in self.book_list:
            self.get_chapter_list(book)
        for chapter in self.chapter_list:
            self.get_content(chapter)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    root_url = "http://www.biquge5200.cc/"
    nd = NovelDownloader(root_url)
    nd.main()

这样就可以更好地模拟浏览器发送请求，避免被网站屏蔽。另外，可以根据需要调整延时时间，以达到更好的效果。