深度优先用栈解决15数码问题并进行可视化_Python实现

好的，我可以为您提供Python代码来解决15数码问题并进行可视化。以下是代码：

import copy
import time

# 定义初始状态
start_state = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 0]]
# 定义目标状态
goal_state = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 0]]

# 定义状态类
class State:
    def __init__(self, state, parent, action, depth):
        self.state = state
        self.parent = parent
        self.action = action
        self.depth = depth

# 定义栈类
class Stack:
    def __init__(self):
        self.stack = []

    def push(self, item):
        self.stack.append(item)

    def pop(self):
        return self.stack.pop()

    def empty(self):
        return len(self.stack) == 0

# 定义可视化函数
def visualize(state):
    print("-------------")
    for row in state:
        print("|", end=" ")
        for col in row:
            if col == 0:
                print(" ", end=" ")
            else:
                print(col, end=" ")
            print("|", end=" ")
        print()
        print("-------------")

# 定义移动函数
def move(state, direction):
    new_state = copy.deepcopy(state)
    for i in range(len(new_state)):
        for j in range(len(new_state[i])):
            if new_state[i][j] == 0:
                if direction == "up" and i > 0:
                    new_state[i][j], new_state[i - 1][j] = new_state[i - 1][j], new_state[i][j]
                    return new_state
                elif direction == "down" and i < len(new_state) - 1:
                    new_state[i][j], new_state[i + 1][j] = new_state[i + 1][j], new_state[i][j]
                    return new_state
                elif direction == "left" and j > 0:
                    new_state[i][j], new_state[i][j - 1] = new_state[i][j - 1], new_state[i][j]
                    return new_state
                elif direction == "right" and j < len(new_state[i]) - 1:
                    new_state[i][j], new_state[i][j + 1] = new_state[i][j + 1], new_state[i][j]
                    return new_state
    return None

# 定义判断函数
def is_goal(state):
    return state.state == goal_state

# 定义搜索函数
def dfs(start):
    stack = Stack()
    visited = set()
    stack.push(start)
    while not stack.empty():
        cur = stack.pop()
        visualize(cur.state)
        if is_goal(cur):
            return cur
        visited.add(str(cur.state))
        for direction in ["up", "down", "left", "right"]:
            new_state = move(cur.state, direction)
            if new_state is not None and str(new_state) not in visited:
                child = State(new_state, cur, direction, cur.depth + 1)
                stack.push(child)
    return None

# 主函数
def main():
    start = State(start_state, None, None, 0)
    start_time = time.time()
    result = dfs(start)
    end_time = time.time()
    if result is None:
        print("No solution found")
    else:
        print("Solution found in {} seconds".format(end_time - start_time))
        print("Total moves: ", result.depth)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

代码中首先定义了初始状态和目标状态。接着定义了状态类和栈类。可视化函数用来展示当前状态。移动函数用来移动空格。判断函数用来判断当前状态是否为目标状态。搜索函数使用深度优先搜索算法，搜索过程中将状态压入栈中，并将已访问的状态记录在visited集合中，防止重复访问。主函数调用搜索函数，并计算搜索所用的时间。