python编写代码实现ARP的活跃主机发现，要求探测的目标主机实现固定和手工输入（单个或区间主机）和实现区间主机自动化ARP探测，共编写三种

在Python中，我们可以使用`socket`模块以及`arp`库来实现主动的ARP（地址解析协议）广播，以便发现目标主机的存在。以下是三种实现方式：

1. **固定IP手动探测**:

import socket
import subprocess
from time import sleep

def arp_probe(ip):
    arp_request = "\n".join(["who has %s" % ip, "tell %s" % ip, "quit"])
    arp_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.IPPROTO_ARP)
    arp_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_BROADCAST, 1)
    
    while True:
        try:
            arp_socket.send(arp_request.encode())
            response, addr = arp_socket.recvfrom(1024)  # 捕获响应包
            break  # 如果收到响应，结束循环
        except Exception as e:
            print("Failed to send ARP request:", str(e))
            sleep(1)  # 等待一秒再尝试

# 示例
target_ip = input("Enter the fixed IP to probe: ")
arp_probe(target_ip)