如何使用OpenGL编程语言正确地绘制一个三维彩色立方体？完整代码

在OpenGL中，绘制三维彩色立方体通常涉及设置投影、视图矩阵，以及创建顶点数组对象（VAO）、顶点缓冲对象（VBO）等步骤。这里提供一个基本的Python代码示例，使用PyOpenGL库：

import OpenGL.GL as GL
from OpenGL.GLUT import *
from OpenGL.GLU import *

# 立方体的顶点数据
vertices = [
    -0.5, -0.5, -0.5,
     0.5, -0.5, -0.5,
     0.5,  0.5, -0.5,
    -0.5,  0.5, -0.5,
    -0.5, -0.5,  0.5,
     0.5, -0.5,  0.5,
     0.5,  0.5,  0.5,
    -0.5,  0.5,  0.5,
]

# 各面颜色
colors = [
    (1, 0, 0),   # 红色
    (0, 1, 0),   # 绿色
    (0, 0, 1),   # 蓝色
    (1, 1, 0),   # 黄色
    (1, 0, 1),   # 洋红
    (0, 1, 1)    # 靛蓝
]

def display():
    GL.glClear(GL.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
    
    # 绑定顶点数组
    VAO = glGenVertexArrays(1)
    glBindVertexArray(VAO)

    VBO = glGenBuffers(1)
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO)
    GL.glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, len(vertices)*sizeof(vertices[0]), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW)

    color_buffer = glGenBuffers(1)
    glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, color_buffer)
    GL.glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, len(colors)*sizeof(colors[0]), colors, GL_STATIC_DRAW)

    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, False, 0, None)
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0)

    glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, False, 0, ctypes.c_void_p(sizeof(vertices[0])) + ctypes.sizeof(vertices[0]))
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(1)

    GL.glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, len(colors), GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, None)

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0)
    glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0)
    glBindVertexArray(0)

    glutSwapBuffers()

# 初始化并设置窗口大小
GLUTInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH)
glutInitWindowSize(800, 600)
glutCreateWindow("OpenGL Cube")

glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)

# 设置投影和视图
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
glLoadIdentity()
 gluPerspective(45, (GLfloat)glutGet(GLUT_WINDOW_WIDTH) / (GLfloat)glutGet(GLUT_WINDOW_HEIGHT), 0.1, 50.0)

glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)

glutMainLoop()

# 清理资源
glDeleteVertexArrays(1, [VAO])
glDeleteBuffers(1, [VBO, color_buffer])