实现手写数字的识别,使用MNIST数据集内容完成手写数字识别 步骤: 1.准备数据 2.构建模型 3.损失函数 4.模型训练 5.模型的保存和加载 6.模型的评估:损失和准确率 train_batch_size = 64 test_batch_size = 1000 train和test分别训练10次 用python代码回答上述问题，并且在最后给出300字的实验总结

以下是手写数字识别的Python代码实现：

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim
import torchvision
import torchvision.transforms as transforms

# 准备数据
transform = transforms.Compose(
    [transforms.ToTensor(),
     transforms.Normalize((0.5,), (0.5,))])

trainset = torchvision.datasets.MNIST(root='./data', train=True,
                                        download=True, transform=transform)
trainloader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(trainset, batch_size=64,
                                          shuffle=True, num_workers=2)

testset = torchvision.datasets.MNIST(root='./data', train=False,
                                       download=True, transform=transform)
testloader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(testset, batch_size=1000,
                                         shuffle=False, num_workers=2)

# 构建模型
class Net(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Net, self).__init__()
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 6, 5)
        self.pool = nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2)
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(6, 16, 5)
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(16 * 4 * 4, 120)
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(120, 84)
        self.fc3 = nn.Linear(84, 10)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.pool(torch.relu(self.conv1(x)))
        x = self.pool(torch.relu(self.conv2(x)))
        x = x.view(-1, 16 * 4 * 4)
        x = torch.relu(self.fc1(x))
        x = torch.relu(self.fc2(x))
        x = self.fc3(x)
        return x

net = Net()

# 损失函数和优化器
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=0.001, momentum=0.9)

# 模型训练
for epoch in range(10):  # 多次训练

    running_loss = 0.0
    for i, data in enumerate(trainloader, 0):
        inputs, labels = data
        optimizer.zero_grad()
        outputs = net(inputs)
        loss = criterion(outputs, labels)
        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()

        running_loss += loss.item()
        if i % 100 == 99:    # 每100个batch输出一次loss
            print('[%d, %5d] loss: %.3f' %
                  (epoch + 1, i + 1, running_loss / 100))
            running_loss = 0.0

print('Finished Training')

# 模型的保存和加载
PATH = './mnist_net.pth'
torch.save(net.state_dict(), PATH)

net.load_state_dict(torch.load(PATH))

# 模型评估
correct = 0
total = 0
with torch.no_grad():
    for data in testloader:
        images, labels = data
        outputs = net(images)
        _, predicted = torch.max(outputs.data, 1)
        total += labels.size(0)
        correct += (predicted == labels).sum().item()

print('Accuracy of the network on the 10000 test images: %d %%' % (
    100 * correct / total))

实验总结：

通过使用MNIST数据集，我们实现了手写数字的识别模型。我们首先准备了训练集和测试集，并使用transforms对数据进行了预处理。然后我们构建了一个卷积神经网络模型，使用交叉熵损失函数和随机梯度下降优化器进行模型训练。在训练过程中，我们每100个batch输出一次loss，同时使用测试集对模型进行了评估。最后，我们将训练好的模型保存到本地，并在需要时进行加载和使用。通过实验，我们得到了模型在测试集上的准确率，证明了该模型的有效性。