c语言串口队列收发代码

在C语言中，处理串口通信的队列收发通常涉及到硬件访问和操作系统调度。这里给出一个基本的示例，使用FIFO（First-In-First-Out，先进先出）队列作为数据传输通道：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <termios.h>

#define SERIAL_PORT "/dev/ttyUSB0"
#define BUFFER_SIZE 100
typedef struct {
    char data[BUFFER_SIZE];
    int head;
    int tail;
} SerialQueue;

void enqueue(SerialQueue *queue, const char *msg) {
    if (queue->tail == queue->head) {
        printf("Queue is full, cannot enqueue.\n");
        return;
    }
    strncpy(queue->data + queue->tail, msg, BUFFER_SIZE - queue->tail);
    queue->tail = (queue->tail + 1) % BUFFER_SIZE;
}

char dequeue(SerialQueue *queue) {
    if (queue->head == queue->tail) {
        printf("Queue is empty, cannot dequeue.\n");
        return '\0';
    }
    char ret = queue->data[queue->head];
    queue->head = (queue->head + 1) % BUFFER_SIZE;
    return ret;
}

int main() {
    SerialQueue serialQueue;
    serialQueue.head = serialQueue.tail = 0;
    
    // Open the serial port
    int fd = open(SERIAL_PORT, O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY | O_NDELAY);
    if (fd < 0) {
        perror("Failed to open serial port");
        return 1;
    }

    // Configure the serial settings
    struct termios options;
    tcgetattr(fd, &options);
    options.c_cflag &= ~CSIZE; // Set character size to 8 bits
    options.c_cflag |= CS8;     // Enable 8-bit mode
    options.c_iflag &= ~(IXON | IXOFF); // Disable hardware flow control
    options.c_oflag &= ~OPOST; // Disable sending of characters when CTS/RTS signals are active
    options.c_lflag &= ~(ICANON | ECHO); // Disable line buffering and echo
    tcflush(fd, TCIFLUSH); // Flush input buffer
    tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &options);

    // Main loop for sending and receiving
    while (true) {
        char message[256];
        fgets(message, sizeof(message), stdin);
        enqueue(&serialQueue, message);

        if (!dequeue(&serialQueue)) continue; // If no data to send
        write(fd, serialQueue.data, strlen(serialQueue.data) + 1); // Send data over the serial port
    }

    close(fd);
    return 0;
}

这个代码首先打开串口设备，设置通信参数，然后在一个无限循环中接收用户输入，并把数据入队；同时检查队列是否有待发送的数据，如有则发送。