STM32标准库串口中断控制
时间: 2024-12-30 21:26:56 浏览: 25
### 使用STM32标准库实现串口中断控制
为了使用STM32标准库实现串口中断控制,可以按照如下方法配置并编写代码。此过程涉及初始化USART外设、设置中断优先级以及处理接收到的数据。
#### 初始化USART外设
首先,在`main.c`或其他适当位置定义全局变量用于存储接收到的数据缓冲区:
```c
#define USART_RX_BUFFER_SIZE 64
uint8_t usart_rx_buffer[USART_RX_BUFFER_SIZE];
volatile uint16_t rx_index = 0;
```
接着,创建一个函数来初始化USART模块,并启用相应的中断源:
```c
void UART_Init(void) {
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
/* Enable the peripheral clocks */
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA | RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO, ENABLE);
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1, ENABLE);
/* Configure USART Tx as alternate function push-pull */
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
/* Configure USART Rx as input floating */
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO⚗📐📐
GPIO_InitStructure);
/* USART configuration */
USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 115200;
USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;
USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No ;
USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;
USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure);
}
```
上述代码完成了USART硬件资源的分配与参数设定[^1]。
#### 设置中断向量表和NVIC
为了让CPU响应USART事件触发的中断请求,还需要配置NVIC(嵌套向量中断控制器),并将对应的中断服务程序链接到实际处理逻辑上:
```c
/* NVIC Configuration */
void NVIC_Configuration(void){
NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
/* Enable the USART1 global Interrupt */
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 0;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
}
/* USART1 interrupt service routine (ISR)*/
void USART1_IRQHandler(void){
if (USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_IDLE) != RESET){ // Check IDLE line detected flag
/* Clear Idle Line Detected Flag */
USART_ClearITPendingBit(USART1, USART_IT_IDLE);
while(USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1, USART_FLAG_RXNE)==SET){
usart_rx_buffer[rx_index++] = USART_ReceiveData(USART1);
if(rx_index >= USART_RX_BUFFER_SIZE || USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_IDLE)!=RESET){
break;
}
}
/* Call user-defined callback when a frame is received completely */
if(vUart1Callback != NULL){
vUart1Callback(usart_rx_buffer, rx_index);
}
rx_index = 0; // Reset index after processing one complete message.
}
}
```
这段代码展示了如何通过检测空闲线状态变化来判断一帧数据结束,并调用外部注册好的回调函数传递给应用程序层进一步解析或显示这些数据。
最后,在主循环之前完成所有必要的初始化工作:
```c
int main(void){
/* System Clocks Configuration */
SystemInit();
/* Initialize LED and other peripherals here */
/* Initialize UART with interrupts enabled */
UART_Init();
NVIC_Configuration();
/* Enable the USART Data Register not empty Interrupt */
USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_IDLE, ENABLE);
/* Main loop */
while (1){
// Application code goes here...
}
}
```
以上即为基于STM32标准库利用IDLE中断配合DMA技术实现高效稳定的异步通信接口编程实例。
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