神经网络实现MINST手写字符识别具体代码

下面是一个使用PyTorch实现的MINST手写字符识别的神经网络代码示例：

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim
from torch.autograd import Variable
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
from torchvision import datasets, transforms

# 定义网络结构
class Net(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Net, self).__init__()
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(1, 20, 5, 1)
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(20, 50, 5, 1)
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(4*4*50, 500)
        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(500, 10)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = nn.functional.relu(self.conv1(x))
        x = nn.functional.max_pool2d(x, 2, 2)
        x = nn.functional.relu(self.conv2(x))
        x = nn.functional.max_pool2d(x, 2, 2)
        x = x.view(-1, 4*4*50)
        x = nn.functional.relu(self.fc1(x))
        x = self.fc2(x)
        return nn.functional.log_softmax(x, dim=1)

# 加载数据集
train_dataset = datasets.MNIST(root='./data/', train=True, transform=transforms.ToTensor(), download=True)
test_dataset = datasets.MNIST(root='./data/', train=False, transform=transforms.ToTensor(), download=True)
train_loader = DataLoader(train_dataset, batch_size=64, shuffle=True)
test_loader = DataLoader(test_dataset, batch_size=64, shuffle=True)

# 定义优化器和损失函数
model = Net()
optimizer = optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=0.01, momentum=0.5)
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()

# 训练模型
epochs = 10
for epoch in range(epochs):
    for batch_idx, (data, target) in enumerate(train_loader):
        data, target = Variable(data), Variable(target)
        optimizer.zero_grad()
        output = model(data)
        loss = criterion(output, target)
        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()
        if batch_idx % 100 == 0:
            print('Train Epoch: {} [{}/{} ({:.0f}%)]\tLoss: {:.6f}'.format(
                epoch, batch_idx * len(data), len(train_loader.dataset),
                100. * batch_idx / len(train_loader), loss.data.item()))

# 测试模型
model.eval()
test_loss = 0
correct = 0
with torch.no_grad():
    for data, target in test_loader:
        data, target = Variable(data), Variable(target)
        output = model(data)
        test_loss += criterion(output, target).data.item()
        pred = output.data.max(1, keepdim=True)[1]
        correct += pred.eq(target.data.view_as(pred)).sum()
test_loss /= len(test_loader.dataset)
print('\nTest set: Average loss: {:.4f}, Accuracy: {}/{} ({:.0f}%)\n'.format(
    test_loss, correct, len(test_loader.dataset),
    100. * correct / len(test_loader.dataset)))

以上代码实现了一个包含两个卷积层和两个全连接层的神经网络，并使用随机梯度下降算法进行优化，损失函数为交叉熵损失。在训练过程中，模型对数据进行前向传播和反向传播，更新权重参数以减小训练误差。在测试过程中，模型对测试数据进行预测，并计算准确率和平均损失。