基于卷积神经网络的手写数字图片识别，并用python的GUI代码实现

好的，下面是一个基于卷积神经网络的手写数字图片识别的Python代码实现，同时包含GUI界面的设计：

import numpy as np
import tkinter as tk
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw

# 加载MNIST数据集
def load_data():
    train_data = np.load('mnist_train_data.npy')
    train_label = np.load('mnist_train_label.npy')
    test_data = np.load('mnist_test_data.npy')
    test_label = np.load('mnist_test_label.npy')
    return train_data, train_label, test_data, test_label

# 卷积神经网络设计
class CNN:
    def __init__(self):
        self.conv1_filters = 8
        self.conv1_kernel = 3
        self.conv2_filters = 16
        self.conv2_kernel = 3
        self.hidden_units = 128
        self.learning_rate = 0.01
        self.batch_size = 32
        self.epochs = 10
        self.input_shape = (28, 28, 1)
        self.output_shape = 10

        self.conv1_weights = np.random.randn(self.conv1_kernel, self.conv1_kernel, self.input_shape[-1], self.conv1_filters) * 0.1
        self.conv1_bias = np.zeros((1, 1, 1, self.conv1_filters))
        self.conv2_weights = np.random.randn(self.conv2_kernel, self.conv2_kernel, self.conv1_filters, self.conv2_filters) * 0.1
        self.conv2_bias = np.zeros((1, 1, 1, self.conv2_filters))
        self.dense_weights = np.random.randn(self.hidden_units, self.output_shape) * 0.1
        self.dense_bias = np.zeros((1, self.output_shape))

    def relu(self, x):
        return np.maximum(x, 0)

    def softmax(self, x):
        exp_x = np.exp(x - np.max(x, axis=1, keepdims=True))
        return exp_x / np.sum(exp_x, axis=1, keepdims=True)

    def convolution(self, x, w, b):
        h, w_, in_channels, out_channels = w.shape
        pad = (h - 1) // 2
        x_pad = np.pad(x, ((0, 0), (pad, pad), (pad, pad), (0, 0)), 'constant')
        conv = np.zeros((x.shape[0], x.shape[1], x.shape[2], out_channels))
        for i in range(x.shape[1]):
            for j in range(x.shape[2]):
                for k in range(out_channels):
                    conv[:, i, j, k] = np.sum(x_pad[:, i:i+h, j:j+h, :] * w[:, :, :, k], axis=(1, 2, 3))
        conv = conv + b
        return conv

    def max_pooling(self, x, pool_size=(2, 2)):
        h, w = pool_size
        pool = np.zeros((x.shape[0], x.shape[1] // h, x.shape[2] // w, x.shape[3]))
        for i in range(pool.shape[1]):
            for j in range(pool.shape[2]):
                pool[:, i, j, :] = np.max(x[:, i*h:i*h+h, j*w:j*w+w, :], axis=(1, 2))
        return pool

    def forward(self, x):
        conv1 = self.convolution(x, self.conv1_weights, self.conv1_bias)
        relu1 = self.relu(conv1)
        pool1 = self.max_pooling(relu1)
        conv2 = self.convolution(pool1, self.conv2_weights, self.conv2_bias)
        relu2 = self.relu(conv2)
        pool2 = self.max_pooling(relu2)
        flatten = np.reshape(pool2, (pool2.shape[0], -1))
        dense = np.dot(flatten, self.dense_weights) + self.dense_bias
        softmax = self.softmax(dense)
        return softmax

    def backward(self, x, y, y_pred):
        error = y_pred - y
        dense_grad = np.dot(x.T, error) / len(x)
        dense_bias_grad = np.mean(error, axis=0, keepdims=True)
        error = error.dot(self.dense_weights.T)
        error = np.reshape(error, (-1, int(np.sqrt(error.shape[-1])), int(np.sqrt(error.shape[-1])), self.conv2_filters))
        error = error * (self.conv2_weights[np.newaxis, :, :, :, :])
        error = np.sum(error, axis=3)
        error = error * (relu2 > 0)
        conv2_grad = np.zeros(self.conv2_weights.shape)
        h, w, in_channels, out_channels = self.conv2_weights.shape
        pad = (h - 1) // 2
        x_pad = np.pad(pool1, ((0, 0), (pad, pad), (pad, pad), (0, 0)), 'constant')
        for i in range(pool1.shape[1]):
            for j in range(pool1.shape[2]):
                for k in range(out_channels):
                    conv2_grad[:, :, :, k] += np.sum(x_pad[:, i:i+h, j:j+h, :] * error[:, i:i+1, j:j+1, k:k+1], axis=0)
        conv2_grad /= len(x)
        conv2_bias_grad = np.mean(np.mean(np.mean(error, axis=1, keepdims=True), axis=2, keepdims=True), axis=0, keepdims=True)
        error = error * (self.conv1_weights[np.newaxis, :, :, :, :])
        error = np.sum(error, axis=3)
        error = error * (relu1 > 0)
        conv1_grad = np.zeros(self.conv1_weights.shape)
        h, w, in_channels, out_channels = self.conv1_weights.shape
        pad = (h - 1) // 2
        x_pad = np.pad(x, ((0, 0), (pad, pad), (pad, pad), (0, 0)), 'constant')
        for i in range(x.shape[1]):
            for j in range(x.shape[2]):
                for k in range(out_channels):
                    conv1_grad[:, :, :, k] += np.sum(x_pad[:, i:i+h, j:j+h, :] * error[:, i:i+1, j:j+1, k:k+1], axis=0)
        conv1_grad /= len(x)
        conv1_bias_grad = np.mean(np.mean(np.mean(error, axis=1, keepdims=True), axis=2, keepdims=True), axis=0, keepdims=True)
        return dense_grad, dense_bias_grad, conv1_grad, conv1_bias_grad, conv2_grad, conv2_bias_grad

    def train(self, x_train, y_train, x_val, y_val):
        num_batches = len(x_train) // self.batch_size
        for epoch in range(self.epochs):
            print('Epoch {}/{}'.format(epoch+1, self.epochs))
            for batch in range(num_batches):
                x_batch = x_train[batch*self.batch_size:(batch+1)*self.batch_size]
                y_batch = y_train[batch*self.batch_size:(batch+1)*self.batch_size]
                y_pred = self.forward(x_batch)
                dense_grad, dense_bias_grad, conv1_grad, conv1_bias_grad, conv2_grad, conv2_bias_grad = self.backward(x_batch, y_batch, y_pred)
                self.dense_weights -= self.learning_rate * dense_grad
                self.dense_bias -= self.learning_rate * dense_bias_grad
                self.conv1_weights -= self.learning_rate * conv1_grad
                self.conv1_bias -= self.learning_rate * conv1_bias_grad
                self.conv2_weights -= self.learning_rate * conv2_grad
                self.conv2_bias -= self.learning_rate * conv2_bias_grad
            y_train_pred = self.predict(x_train)
            y_val_pred = self.predict(x_val)
            train_acc = np.mean(np.argmax(y_train, axis=1) == np.argmax(y_train_pred, axis=1))
            val_acc = np.mean(np.argmax(y_val, axis=1) == np.argmax(y_val_pred, axis=1))
            print('Train accuracy: {}, Validation accuracy: {}'.format(train_acc, val_acc))

    def predict(self, x):
        y_pred = self.forward(x)
        return y_pred

# GUI界面设计
class GUI:
    def __init__(self, cnn):
        self.cnn = cnn
        self.window = tk.Tk()
        self.window.title('Handwritten Digit Recognition')
        self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self.window, width=200, height=200, bg='white')
        self.canvas.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=10, pady=10)
        self.canvas.bind('<B1-Motion>', self.draw)
        self.button_recognize = tk.Button(self.window, text='Recognize', command=self.recognize)
        self.button_recognize.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=10, pady=10)
        self.button_clear = tk.Button(self.window, text='Clear', command=self.clear)
        self.button_clear.grid(row=1, column=1, padx=10, pady=10)
        self.label_result = tk.Label(self.window, text='Please draw a digit', font=('Helvetica', 18))
        self.label_result.grid(row=1, column=0, padx=10, pady=10)

    def draw(self, event):
        x = event.x
        y = event.y
        r = 8
        self.canvas.create_oval(x-r, y-r, x+r, y+r, fill='black')

    def clear(self):
        self.canvas.delete('all')
        self.label_result.config(text='Please draw a digit')

    def recognize(self):
        image = Image.new('L', (200, 200), 'white')
        draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)
        draw.rectangle((0, 0, 200, 200), fill='white')
        self.canvas.postscript(file='tmp.eps', colormode='color')
        eps_image = Image.open('tmp.eps')
        image.paste(eps_image, (0, 0))
        image = image.resize((28, 28))
        image = np.array(image)
        image = image.reshape((1, 28, 28, 1))
        y_pred = self.cnn.predict(image)
        label = np.argmax(y_pred)
        self.label_result.config(text='Result: {}'.format(label))

    def run(self):
        self.window.mainloop()

# 主程序
if __name__ == '__main__':
    train_data, train_label, test_data, test_label = load_data()
    cnn = CNN()
    cnn.train(train_data, train_label, test_data, test_label)
    gui = GUI(cnn)
    gui.run()

请注意，该代码实现需要下载MNIST数据集（包括四个.npy文件），并且需要安装Python的`numpy`、`tkinter`和`Pillow`库。