解释一下model=Model() model.train(batch=2,Epoch=5*len(input_I))

时间: 2024-05-24 12:14:54 浏览: 125
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Python库 | mypy_boto3_batch-1.15.4.0-py3-none-any.whl

这段代码的意思是,创建一个名为model的实例对象,并调用其train方法进行训练。train方法接受一个参数batch,表示每次训练的批次大小为2,以及一个参数Epoch,表示训练的轮数为5乘以输入数据input_I的长度。 具体来说,batch大小是指每次从训练数据中随机选择2个样本进行训练,这样可以在一定程度上提高训练效率和模型精度。而Epoch则表示整个训练过程需要重复5乘以输入数据input_I的长度次,每次都遍历一遍所有训练数据,以此不断调整模型参数来提升模型性能。
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这段代码中加一个test loss功能 class LSTM(nn.Module): def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, num_layers, output_size, batch_size, device): super().__init__() self.device = device self.input_size = input_size self.hidden_size = hidden_size self.num_layers = num_layers self.output_size = output_size self.num_directions = 1 # 单向LSTM self.batch_size = batch_size self.lstm = nn.LSTM(self.input_size, self.hidden_size, self.num_layers, batch_first=True) self.linear = nn.Linear(65536, self.output_size) def forward(self, input_seq): h_0 = torch.randn(self.num_directions * self.num_layers, self.batch_size, self.hidden_size).to(self.device) c_0 = torch.randn(self.num_directions * self.num_layers, self.batch_size, self.hidden_size).to(self.device) output, _ = self.lstm(input_seq, (h_0, c_0)) pred = self.linear(output.contiguous().view(self.batch_size, -1)) return pred if __name__ == '__main__': # 加载已保存的模型参数 saved_model_path = '/content/drive/MyDrive/危急值/model/dangerous.pth' device = 'cuda:0' lstm_model = LSTM(input_size=1, hidden_size=64, num_layers=1, output_size=3, batch_size=256, device='cuda:0').to(device) state_dict = torch.load(saved_model_path) lstm_model.load_state_dict(state_dict) dataset = ECGDataset(X_train_df.to_numpy()) dataloader = DataLoader(dataset, batch_size=256, shuffle=True, num_workers=0, drop_last=True) loss_fn = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() optimizer = optim.SGD(lstm_model.parameters(), lr=1e-4) for epoch in range(200000): print(f'epoch:{epoch}') lstm_model.train() epoch_bar = tqdm(dataloader) for x, y in epoch_bar: optimizer.zero_grad() x_out = lstm_model(x.to(device).type(torch.cuda.FloatTensor)) loss = loss_fn(x_out, y.long().to(device)) loss.backward() epoch_bar.set_description(f'loss:{loss.item():.4f}') optimizer.step() if epoch % 100 == 0 or epoch == epoch - 1: torch.save(lstm_model.state_dict(), "/content/drive/MyDrive/危急值/model/dangerous.pth") print("权重成功保存一次")

帮我把下面这个代码从TensorFlow改成pytorch import tensorflow as tf import os import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt os.environ["CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES"] = "0" base_dir = 'E:/direction/datasetsall/' train_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, 'train_img/') validation_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, 'val_img/') train_cats_dir = os.path.join(train_dir, 'down') train_dogs_dir = os.path.join(train_dir, 'up') validation_cats_dir = os.path.join(validation_dir, 'down') validation_dogs_dir = os.path.join(validation_dir, 'up') batch_size = 64 epochs = 50 IMG_HEIGHT = 128 IMG_WIDTH = 128 num_cats_tr = len(os.listdir(train_cats_dir)) num_dogs_tr = len(os.listdir(train_dogs_dir)) num_cats_val = len(os.listdir(validation_cats_dir)) num_dogs_val = len(os.listdir(validation_dogs_dir)) total_train = num_cats_tr + num_dogs_tr total_val = num_cats_val + num_dogs_val train_image_generator = tf.keras.preprocessing.image.ImageDataGenerator(rescale=1. / 255) validation_image_generator = tf.keras.preprocessing.image.ImageDataGenerator(rescale=1. / 255) train_data_gen = train_image_generator.flow_from_directory(batch_size=batch_size, directory=train_dir, shuffle=True, target_size=(IMG_HEIGHT, IMG_WIDTH), class_mode='categorical') val_data_gen = validation_image_generator.flow_from_directory(batch_size=batch_size, directory=validation_dir, target_size=(IMG_HEIGHT, IMG_WIDTH), class_mode='categorical') sample_training_images, _ = next(train_data_gen) model = tf.keras.models.Sequential([ tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(16, 3, padding='same', activation='relu', input_shape=(IMG_HEIGHT, IMG_WIDTH, 3)), tf.keras.layers.MaxPooling2D(), tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(32, 3, padding='same', activation='relu'), tf.keras.layers.MaxPooling2D(), tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(64, 3, padding='same', activation='relu'), tf.keras.layers.MaxPooling2D(), tf.keras.layers.Flatten(), tf.keras.layers.Dense(256, activation='relu'), tf.keras.layers.Dense(2, activation='softmax') ]) model.compile(optimizer='adam', loss=tf.keras.losses.BinaryCrossentropy(from_logits=True), metrics=['accuracy']) model.summary() history = model.fit_generator( train_data_gen, steps_per_epoch=total_train // batch_size, epochs=epochs, validation_data=val_data_gen, validation_steps=total_val // batch_size ) # 可视化训练结果 acc = history.history['accuracy'] val_acc = history.history['val_accuracy'] loss = history.history['loss'] val_loss = history.history['val_loss'] epochs_range = range(epochs) model.save("./model/timo_classification_128_maxPool2D_dense256.h5")

return data, label def __len__(self): return len(self.data)train_dataset = MyDataset(train, y[:split_boundary].values, time_steps, output_steps, target_index)test_ds = MyDataset(test, y[split_boundary:].values, time_steps, output_steps, target_index)class MyLSTMModel(nn.Module): def __init__(self): super(MyLSTMModel, self).__init__() self.rnn = nn.LSTM(input_dim, 16, 1, batch_first=True) self.flatten = nn.Flatten() self.fc1 = nn.Linear(16 * time_steps, 120) self.relu = nn.PReLU() self.fc2 = nn.Linear(120, output_steps) def forward(self, input): out, (h, c) = self.rnn(input) out = self.flatten(out) out = self.fc1(out) out = self.relu(out) out = self.fc2(out) return outepoch_num = 50batch_size = 128learning_rate = 0.001def train(): print('训练开始') model = MyLSTMModel() model.train() opt = optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=learning_rate) mse_loss = nn.MSELoss() data_reader = DataLoader(train_dataset, batch_size=batch_size, drop_last=True) history_loss = [] iter_epoch = [] for epoch in range(epoch_num): for data, label in data_reader: # 验证数据和标签的形状是否满足期望,如果不满足,则跳过这个批次 if data.shape[0] != batch_size or label.shape[0] != batch_size: continue train_ds = data.float() train_lb = label.float() out = model(train_ds) avg_loss = mse_loss(out, train_lb) avg_loss.backward() opt.step() opt.zero_grad() print('epoch {}, loss {}'.format(epoch, avg_loss.item())) iter_epoch.append(epoch) history_loss.append(avg_loss.item()) plt.plot(iter_epoch, history_loss, label='loss') plt.legend() plt.xlabel('iters') plt.ylabel('Loss') plt.show() torch.save(model.state_dict(), 'model_1')train()param_dict = torch.load('model_1')model = MyLSTMModel()model.load_state_dict(param_dict)model.eval()data_reader1 = DataLoader(test_ds, batch_size=batch_size, drop_last=True)res = []res1 = []# 在模型预测时,label 的处理for data, label in data_reader1: data = data.float() label = label.float() out = model(data) res.extend(out.detach().numpy().reshape(data.shape[0]).tolist()) res1.extend(label.numpy().tolist()) # 由于预测一步,所以无需 reshape,直接转为 list 即可title = "t321"plt.title(title, fontsize=24)plt.xlabel("time", fontsize=14)plt.ylabel("irr", fontsize=14)plt.plot(res, color='g', label='predict')plt.plot(res1, color='red', label='real')plt.legend()plt.grid()plt.show()的运算过程

import pandas as pd import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import tensorflow as tf from tensorflow.keras.models import Sequential from tensorflow.keras.layers import LSTM, Dense data = pd.read_csv('车辆:274序:4结果数据.csv') x = data[['车头间距', '原车道前车速度']].values y = data['本车速度'].values train_size = int(len(x) * 0.7) test_size = len(x) - train_size x_train, x_test = x[0:train_size,:], x[train_size:len(x),:] y_train, y_test = y[0:train_size], y[train_size:len(y)] from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler scaler = MinMaxScaler(feature_range=(0, 1)) x_train = scaler.fit_transform(x_train) x_test = scaler.transform(x_test) model = Sequential() model.add(LSTM(50, input_shape=(2, 1))) model.add(Dense(1)) model.compile(loss='mean_squared_error', optimizer='adam') history = model.fit(x_train.reshape(-1, 2, 1), y_train, epochs=100, batch_size=32, validation_data=(x_test.reshape(-1, 2, 1), y_test)) plt.plot(history.history['loss']) plt.plot(history.history['val_loss']) plt.title('Model loss') plt.ylabel('Loss') plt.xlabel('Epoch') plt.legend(['Train', 'Test'], loc='upper right') plt.show() train_predict = model.predict(x_train.reshape(-1, 2, 1)) test_predict = model.predict(x_test.reshape(-1, 2, 1)) train_predict = scaler.inverse_transform(train_predict) train_predict = train_predict.reshape(-1, 1) y_train = scaler.inverse_transform([y_train]) test_predict = scaler.inverse_transform(test_predict) y_test = scaler.inverse_transform([y_test]) plt.plot(y_train[0], label='train') plt.plot(train_predict[:,0], label='train predict') plt.plot(y_test[0], label='test') plt.plot(test_predict[:,0], label='test predict') plt.legend() plt.show()

def get_data(index_dict,word_vectors,combined,y): n_symbols = len(index_dict) + 1 # 所有单词的索引数,频数小于10的词语索引为0,所以加1 embedding_weights = np.zeros((n_symbols, vocab_dim)) # 初始化 索引为0的词语,词向量全为0 for word, index in index_dict.items(): # 从索引为1的词语开始,对每个词语对应其词向量 embedding_weights[index, :] = word_vectors[word] x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(combined, y, test_size=0.2) y_train = keras.utils.to_categorical(y_train,num_classes=3) y_test = keras.utils.to_categorical(y_test,num_classes=3) # print x_train.shape,y_train.shape return n_symbols,embedding_weights,x_train,y_train,x_test,y_test ##定义网络结构 def train_lstm(n_symbols,embedding_weights,x_train,y_train,x_test,y_test): print 'Defining a Simple Keras Model...' model = Sequential() # or Graph or whatever model.add(Embedding(output_dim=vocab_dim, input_dim=n_symbols, mask_zero=True, weights=[embedding_weights], input_length=input_length)) # Adding Input Length model.add(LSTM(output_dim=50, activation='tanh')) model.add(Dropout(0.5)) model.add(Dense(3, activation='softmax')) # Dense=>全连接层,输出维度=3 model.add(Activation('softmax')) print 'Compiling the Model...' model.compile(loss='categorical_crossentropy', optimizer='adam',metrics=['accuracy']) print "Train..." # batch_size=32 model.fit(x_train, y_train, batch_size=batch_size, epochs=n_epoch,verbose=1) print "Evaluate..." score = model.evaluate(x_test, y_test, batch_size=batch_size) yaml_string = model.to_yaml() with open('../model/lstm.yml', 'w') as outfile: outfile.write( yaml.dump(yaml_string, default_flow_style=True) ) model.save_weights('../model/lstm.h5') print 'Test score:', score

import torch import torch.nn as nn import torch.optim as optim import numpy as np 定义基本循环神经网络模型 class RNNModel(nn.Module): def init(self, rnn_type, input_size, hidden_size, output_size, num_layers=1): super(RNNModel, self).init() self.rnn_type = rnn_type self.input_size = input_size self.hidden_size = hidden_size self.output_size = output_size self.num_layers = num_layers self.encoder = nn.Embedding(input_size, hidden_size) if rnn_type == 'RNN': self.rnn = nn.RNN(hidden_size, hidden_size, num_layers) elif rnn_type == 'GRU': self.rnn = nn.GRU(hidden_size, hidden_size, num_layers) self.decoder = nn.Linear(hidden_size, output_size) def forward(self, input, hidden): input = self.encoder(input) output, hidden = self.rnn(input, hidden) output = output.view(-1, self.hidden_size) output = self.decoder(output) return output, hidden def init_hidden(self, batch_size): if self.rnn_type == 'RNN': return torch.zeros(self.num_layers, batch_size, self.hidden_size) elif self.rnn_type == 'GRU': return torch.zeros(self.num_layers, batch_size, self.hidden_size) 定义数据集 with open('汉语音节表.txt', encoding='utf-8') as f: chars = f.readline() chars = list(chars) idx_to_char = list(set(chars)) char_to_idx = dict([(char, i) for i, char in enumerate(idx_to_char)]) corpus_indices = [char_to_idx[char] for char in chars] 定义超参数 input_size = len(idx_to_char) hidden_size = 256 output_size = len(idx_to_char) num_layers = 1 batch_size = 32 num_steps = 5 learning_rate = 0.01 num_epochs = 100 定义模型、损失函数和优化器 model = RNNModel('RNN', input_size, hidden_size, output_size, num_layers) criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() optimizer = optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=learning_rate) 训练模型 for epoch in range(num_epochs): model.train() hidden = model.init_hidden(batch_size) loss = 0 for X, Y in data_iter_consecutive(corpus_indices, batch_size, num_steps): optimizer.zero_grad() hidden = hidden.detach() output, hidden = model(X, hidden) loss = criterion(output, Y.view(-1)) loss.backward() torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(model.parameters(), max_norm=1.0) optimizer.step() if epoch % 10 == 0: print(f"Epoch {epoch}, Loss: {loss.item()}")请正确缩进代码

下面的这段python代码,哪里有错误,修改一下:import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import pandas as pd import torch import torch.nn as nn from torch.autograd import Variable from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler training_set = pd.read_csv('CX2-36_1971.csv') training_set = training_set.iloc[:, 1:2].values def sliding_windows(data, seq_length): x = [] y = [] for i in range(len(data) - seq_length): _x = data[i:(i + seq_length)] _y = data[i + seq_length] x.append(_x) y.append(_y) return np.array(x), np.array(y) sc = MinMaxScaler() training_data = sc.fit_transform(training_set) seq_length = 1 x, y = sliding_windows(training_data, seq_length) train_size = int(len(y) * 0.8) test_size = len(y) - train_size dataX = Variable(torch.Tensor(np.array(x))) dataY = Variable(torch.Tensor(np.array(y))) trainX = Variable(torch.Tensor(np.array(x[1:train_size]))) trainY = Variable(torch.Tensor(np.array(y[1:train_size]))) testX = Variable(torch.Tensor(np.array(x[train_size:len(x)]))) testY = Variable(torch.Tensor(np.array(y[train_size:len(y)]))) class LSTM(nn.Module): def __init__(self, num_classes, input_size, hidden_size, num_layers): super(LSTM, self).__init__() self.num_classes = num_classes self.num_layers = num_layers self.input_size = input_size self.hidden_size = hidden_size self.seq_length = seq_length self.lstm = nn.LSTM(input_size=input_size, hidden_size=hidden_size, num_layers=num_layers, batch_first=True) self.fc = nn.Linear(hidden_size, num_classes) def forward(self, x): h_0 = Variable(torch.zeros( self.num_layers, x.size(0), self.hidden_size)) c_0 = Variable(torch.zeros( self.num_layers, x.size(0), self.hidden_size)) # Propagate input through LSTM ula, (h_out, _) = self.lstm(x, (h_0, c_0)) h_out = h_out.view(-1, self.hidden_size) out = self.fc(h_out) return out num_epochs = 2000 learning_rate = 0.001 input_size = 1 hidden_size = 2 num_layers = 1 num_classes = 1 lstm = LSTM(num_classes, input_size, hidden_size, num_layers) criterion = torch.nn.MSELoss() # mean-squared error for regression optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(lstm.parameters(), lr=learning_rate) # optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(lstm.parameters(), lr=learning_rate) runn = 10 Y_predict = np.zeros((runn, len(dataY))) # Train the model for i in range(runn): print('Run: ' + str(i + 1)) for epoch in range(num_epochs): outputs = lstm(trainX) optimizer.zero_grad() # obtain the loss function loss = criterion(outputs, trainY) loss.backward() optimizer.step() if epoch % 100 == 0: print("Epoch: %d, loss: %1.5f" % (epoch, loss.item())) lstm.eval() train_predict = lstm(dataX) data_predict = train_predict.data.numpy() dataY_plot = dataY.data.numpy() data_predict = sc.inverse_transform(data_predict) dataY_plot = sc.inverse_transform(dataY_plot) Y_predict[i,:] = np.transpose(np.array(data_predict)) Y_Predict = np.mean(np.array(Y_predict)) Y_Predict_T = np.transpose(np.array(Y_Predict))

import torch import torch.nn as nn from torchtext.datasets import AG_NEWS from torchtext.data.utils import get_tokenizer from torchtext.vocab import build_vocab_from_iterator # 数据预处理 tokenizer = get_tokenizer('basic_english') train_iter = AG_NEWS(split='train') counter = Counter() for (label, line) in train_iter: counter.update(tokenizer(line)) vocab = build_vocab_from_iterator([counter], specials=["<unk>"]) word2idx = dict(vocab.stoi) # 设定超参数 embedding_dim = 64 hidden_dim = 128 num_epochs = 10 batch_size = 64 # 定义模型 class RNN(nn.Module): def __init__(self, vocab_size, embedding_dim, hidden_dim): super(RNN, self).__init__() self.embedding = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embedding_dim) self.rnn = nn.RNN(embedding_dim, hidden_dim, batch_first=True) self.fc = nn.Linear(hidden_dim, 4) def forward(self, x): x = self.embedding(x) out, _ = self.rnn(x) out = self.fc(out[:, -1, :]) return out # 初始化模型、优化器和损失函数 model = RNN(len(vocab), embedding_dim, hidden_dim) optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters()) criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() # 定义数据加载器 train_iter = AG_NEWS(split='train') train_data = [] for (label, line) in train_iter: label = torch.tensor([int(label)-1]) line = torch.tensor([word2idx[word] for word in tokenizer(line)]) train_data.append((line, label)) train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_data, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True) # 开始训练 for epoch in range(num_epochs): total_loss = 0.0 for input, target in train_loader: model.zero_grad() output = model(input) loss = criterion(output, target.squeeze()) loss.backward() optimizer.step() total_loss += loss.item() * input.size(0) print("Epoch: {}, Loss: {:.4f}".format(epoch+1, total_loss/len(train_data)))改错

以下代码出现input depth must be evenly divisible by filter depth: 1 vs 3错误是为什么,代码应该怎么改import tensorflow as tf from keras.models import Sequential from keras.layers import Dense, Dropout, Flatten from keras.layers import Conv2D, MaxPooling2D from keras.optimizers import SGD from keras.utils import np_utils from keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator from keras.applications.vgg16 import VGG16 import numpy # 加载FER2013数据集 with open('E:/BaiduNetdiskDownload/fer2013.csv') as f: content = f.readlines() lines = numpy.array(content) num_of_instances = lines.size print("Number of instances: ", num_of_instances) # 定义X和Y X_train, y_train, X_test, y_test = [], [], [], [] # 按行分割数据 for i in range(1, num_of_instances): try: emotion, img, usage = lines[i].split(",") val = img.split(" ") pixels = numpy.array(val, 'float32') emotion = np_utils.to_categorical(emotion, 7) if 'Training' in usage: X_train.append(pixels) y_train.append(emotion) elif 'PublicTest' in usage: X_test.append(pixels) y_test.append(emotion) finally: print("", end="") # 转换成numpy数组 X_train = numpy.array(X_train, 'float32') y_train = numpy.array(y_train, 'float32') X_test = numpy.array(X_test, 'float32') y_test = numpy.array(y_test, 'float32') # 数据预处理 X_train /= 255 X_test /= 255 X_train = X_train.reshape(X_train.shape[0], 48, 48, 1) X_test = X_test.reshape(X_test.shape[0], 48, 48, 1) # 定义VGG16模型 vgg16_model = VGG16(weights='imagenet', include_top=False, input_shape=(48, 48, 3)) # 微调模型 model = Sequential() model.add(vgg16_model) model.add(Flatten()) model.add(Dense(256, activation='relu')) model.add(Dropout(0.5)) model.add(Dense(7, activation='softmax')) for layer in model.layers[:1]: layer.trainable = False # 定义优化器和损失函数 sgd = SGD(lr=0.01, decay=1e-6, momentum=0.9, nesterov=True) model.compile(optimizer=sgd, loss='categorical_crossentropy', metrics=['accuracy']) # 数据增强 datagen = ImageDataGenerator( featurewise_center=False, featurewise_std_normalization=False, rotation_range=20, width_shift_range=0.2, height_shift_range=0.2, horizontal_flip=True) datagen.fit(X_train) # 训练模型 model.fit_generator(datagen.flow(X_train, y_train, batch_size=32), steps_per_epoch=len(X_train) / 32, epochs=10) # 评估模型 score = model.evaluate(X_test, y_test, batch_size=32) print("Test Loss:", score[0]) print("Test Accuracy:", score[1])

import numpy as np import torch import torch.nn as nn import torch.optim as optim class RNN(nn.Module): def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, output_size): super(RNN, self).__init__() self.hidden_size = hidden_size self.i2h = nn.Linear(input_size + hidden_size, hidden_size) self.i2o = nn.Linear(input_size + hidden_size, output_size) self.softmax = nn.LogSoftmax(dim=1) def forward(self, input, hidden): combined = torch.cat((input, hidden), 1) hidden = self.i2h(combined) output = self.i2o(combined) output = self.softmax(output) return output, hidden def begin_state(self, batch_size): return torch.zeros(batch_size, self.hidden_size) # 定义数据集 data = """he quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog's back""" # 定义字符表 tokens = list(set(data)) tokens.sort() token2idx = {t: i for i, t in enumerate(tokens)} idx2token = {i: t for i, t in enumerate(tokens)} # 将字符表转化成独热向量 one_hot_matrix = np.eye(len(tokens)) # 定义模型参数 input_size = len(tokens) hidden_size = 128 output_size = len(tokens) learning_rate = 0.01 # 初始化模型和优化器 model = RNN(input_size, hidden_size, output_size) optimizer = optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=learning_rate) criterion = nn.NLLLoss() # 训练模型 for epoch in range(1000): model.train() state = model.begin_state(1) loss = 0 for ii in range(len(data) - 1): x_input = one_hot_matrix[token2idx[data[ii]]] y_target = torch.tensor([token2idx[data[ii + 1]]]) x_input = x_input.reshape(1, 1, -1) y_target = y_target.reshape(1) pred, state = model(torch.from_numpy(x_input), state) loss += criterion(pred, y_target) optimizer.zero_grad() loss.backward() optimizer.step() if epoch % 100 == 0: print(f"Epoch {epoch}, Loss: {loss.item()}")代码缩进有误,请给出正确的缩进

#importing required libraries from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler from keras.models import Sequential from keras.layers import Dense, Dropout, LSTM #setting index data = df.sort_index(ascending=True, axis=0) new_data = data[['trade_date', 'close']] new_data.index = new_data['trade_date'] new_data.drop('trade_date', axis=1, inplace=True) new_data.head() #creating train and test sets dataset = new_data.values train= dataset[0:1825,:] valid = dataset[1825:,:] #converting dataset into x_train and y_train scaler = MinMaxScaler(feature_range=(0, 1)) scaled_data = scaler.fit_transform(dataset) x_train, y_train = [], [] for i in range(60,len(train)): x_train.append(scaled_data[i-60:i,0]) y_train.append(scaled_data[i,0]) x_train, y_train = np.array(x_train), np.array(y_train) x_train = np.reshape(x_train, (x_train.shape[0],x_train.shape[1],1)) # create and fit the LSTM network model = Sequential() model.add(LSTM(units=50, return_sequences=True, input_shape=(x_train.shape[1],1))) model.add(LSTM(units=50)) model.add(Dense(1)) model.compile(loss='mean_squared_error', optimizer='adam') model.fit(x_train, y_train, epochs=1, batch_size=1, verbose=1) #predicting 246 values, using past 60 from the train data inputs = new_data[len(new_data) - len(valid) - 60:].values inputs = inputs.reshape(-1,1) inputs = scaler.transform(inputs) X_test = [] for i in range(60,inputs.shape[0]): X_test.append(inputs[i-60:i,0]) X_test = np.array(X_test) X_test = np.reshape(X_test, (X_test.shape[0],X_test.shape[1],1)) closing_price = model.predict(X_test) closing_price1 = scaler.inverse_transform(closing_price) rms=np.sqrt(np.mean(np.power((valid-closing_price1),2))) rms #v=new_data[1825:] valid1 = pd.DataFrame() # 假设你使用的是Pandas DataFrame valid1['Pre_Lstm'] = closing_price1 train=new_data[:1825] plt.figure(figsize=(16,8)) plt.plot(train['close']) plt.plot(valid1['close'],label='真实值') plt.plot(valid1['Pre_Lstm'],label='预测值') plt.title('LSTM预测',fontsize=16) plt.xlabel('日期',fontsize=14) plt.ylabel('收盘价',fontsize=14) plt.legend(loc=0)

请问这段代码如何给目标函数加入约束:8-x[0]-2*x[1]>=0:import numpy as np import tensorflow as tf from tensorflow.keras import layers import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # 定义目标函数 def objective_function(x): return x[0]-x[1]-x[2]-x[0]*x[2]+x[0]*x[3]+x[1]*x[2]-x[1]*x[3] # 生成训练数据 num_samples = 1000 X_train = np.random.random((num_samples, 4)) y_train = np.array([objective_function(x) for x in X_train]) # 划分训练集和验证集 split_ratio = 0.8 split_index = int(num_samples * split_ratio) X_val = X_train[split_index:] y_val = y_train[split_index:] X_train = X_train[:split_index] y_train = y_train[:split_index] # 构建神经网络模型 model = tf.keras.Sequential([ layers.Dense(32, activation='relu', input_shape=(4,)), layers.Dense(32, activation='relu'), layers.Dense(1) ]) # 编译模型 model.compile(tf.keras.optimizers.Adam(), loss='mean_squared_error') # 设置保存模型的路径 model_path = "model.h5" # 训练模型 history = model.fit(X_train, y_train, validation_data=(X_val, y_val), epochs=100, batch_size=32) # 保存模型 model.save(model_path) print("模型已保存") # 加载模型 loaded_model = tf.keras.models.load_model(model_path) print("模型已加载") # 使用模型预测最小值 a =np.random.uniform(0,5,size=4) X_test=np.array([a]) y_pred = loaded_model.predict(X_test) print("随机取样点",X_test) print("最小值:", y_pred[0]) # 可视化训练过程 plt.plot(history.history['loss'], label='train_loss') plt.plot(history.history['val_loss'], label='val_loss') plt.xlabel('Epoch') plt.ylabel('Loss') plt.legend() plt.show()

解释这段话class GRUModel(nn.Module): def init(self, input_size, hidden_size, output_size, num_layers, dropout=0.5): super(GRUModel, self).init() self.hidden_size = hidden_size self.num_layers = num_layers self.gru = nn.GRU(input_size, hidden_size, num_layers, batch_first=True, dropout=dropout) self.attention = Attention(hidden_size) self.fc = nn.Linear(hidden_size, output_size) self.fc1=nn.Linear(hidden_size,256) self.fc2=nn.Linear(256,1)#这两句是加的 self.dropout = nn.Dropout(dropout) def forward(self, x): h0 = torch.zeros(self.num_layers, x.size(0), self.hidden_size) out, hidden = self.gru(x, h0) out, attention_weights = self.attention(hidden[-1], out) out = self.dropout(out) out = self.fc(out) return out def fit(epoch, model, trainloader, testloader): total = 0 running_loss = 0 train_bar = tqdm(train_dl) # 形成进度条(自己加的) model.train() #告诉模型处于训练状态,dropout层发挥作用 for x, y in trainloader: if torch.cuda.is_available(): x, y = x.to('cuda'), y.to('cuda') y_pred = model(x) #y的预测值 loss = loss_fn(y_pred, y) #计算损失,将预测值与真实值传进去,自动计算 optimizer.zero_grad() #将之前的梯度清零 loss.backward() #根据损失计算梯度,进行一次反向传播。 optimizer.step() #根据梯度进行优化 with torch.no_grad(): total += y.size(0) running_loss += loss.item() #计算所有批次的损失之和 exp_lr_scheduler.step() epoch_loss = running_loss / len(trainloader.dataset) test_total = 0 test_running_loss = 0 model.eval() #告诉模型处于预测状态,dropout层不发挥作用 with torch.no_grad(): for x, y in testloader: if torch.cuda.is_available(): x, y = x.to('cuda'), y.to('cuda') y_pred = model(x) loss = loss_fn(y_pred, y) test_total += y.size(0) test_running_loss += loss.item() epoch_test_loss = test_running_loss / len(testloader.dataset) print('epoch: ', epoch, #迭代次数 'loss: ', round(epoch_loss, 6), #保留小数点3位数 'test_loss: ', round(epoch_test_loss, 4) ) return epoch_loss,epoch_test_loss

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